The British Journal of Psychiatry (1968) 114: 797-811. doi: 10.1192/bjp.114.512.797
© 1968 The Royal College of Psychiatrists
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The Association Between Quantitative Measures of Dementia and of Senile Change in the Cerebral Grey Matter of Elderly Subjects

G. BLESSED M.B., B.S., M.R.C.P.E., D.P.M.1, B. E. TOMLINSON M.D., F.R.C.P., F.C.Path.1, and MARTIN ROTH M.D., F.R.C.P., D.P.M.1

1 Medical Research Council Group on the Relation between Functional and Organic Psychiatric Illness, 11 Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne 2, and the Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.

1. The association between plaque counts in sections of cerebral cortex and measures of intellectual and personality functioning undertaken in elderly subjects during life has been studied.

2. There was no evidence that degenerative changes had contributed significantly to the causation of illness in patients with "functional" psychiatric disorders or delirious states.

3. There is a highly significant correlation between mean plaque counts and scores for dementia and performance in psychological tests. The findings suggest that psychological and pathological indices are closely related to one another, possibly through their common association with the underlying degenerative process in the brain.

4. Among severely demented subjects and those diagnosed clinically as "senile dements", correlations between psychological and pathological measures decline sharply. However, pathological differences between normal, mildly demented, and severely demented subjects appear to be of a quantitative nature. The possibility that there are qualitative differences in this group, inaccessible to present methods of examination, cannot be excluded.

Submitted on May 8, 1967




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A. Gamaldo, A. Moghekar, S. Kilada, S. M. Resnick, A. B. Zonderman, and R. O'Brien
Effect of a clinical stroke on the risk of dementia in a prospective cohort
Neurology, October 24, 2006; 67(8): 1363 - 1369.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 NeurologyHome page
P. J. Visser, A. Kester, J. Jolles, and F. Verhey
Ten-year risk of dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment.
Neurology, October 10, 2006; 67(7): 1201 - 1207.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J Aging HealthHome page
C. S. Williams, M. E. Tinetti, S. V. Kasl, and P. N. Peduzzi
The Role of Pain in the Recovery of Instrumental and Social Functioning After Hip Fracture
J Aging Health, October 1, 2006; 18(5): 743 - 762.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 RadiologyHome page
A. Ramani, J. H. Jensen, and J. A. Helpern
Quantitative MR Imaging in Alzheimer Disease
Radiology, October 1, 2006; 241(1): 26 - 44.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch NeurolHome page
K. Stavitsky, A. M. Brickman, N. Scarmeas, R. L. Torgan, M.-X. Tang, M. Albert, J. Brandt, D. Blacker, and Y. Stern
The progression of cognition, psychiatric symptoms, and functional abilities in dementia with lewy bodies and Alzheimer disease.
Arch Neurol, October 1, 2006; 63(10): 1450 - 1456.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 NeurologyHome page
C. W. Zhu, N. Scarmeas, R. Torgan, M. Albert, J. Brandt, D. Blacker, M. Sano, and Y. Stern
Longitudinal study of effects of patient characteristics on direct costs in Alzheimer disease
Neurology, September 26, 2006; 67(6): 998 - 1005.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J Geriatr Psychiatry NeurolHome page
R. D. Terry
Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, September 1, 2006; 19(3): 125 - 128.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 J Geriatr Psychiatry NeurolHome page
B. Reisberg
Diagnostic Criteria in Dementia: A Comparison of Current Criteria, Research Challenges, and Implications for DSM-V
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, September 1, 2006; 19(3): 137 - 146.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Arch NeurolHome page
D. K. Johnson, C. H. Wilkins, and J. C. Morris
Accelerated weight loss may precede diagnosis in Alzheimer disease.
Arch Neurol, September 1, 2006; 63(9): 1312 - 1317.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 NeurologyHome page
O. L. Lopez, J. T. Becker, R. A. Sweet, F. J. Martin-Sanchez, and R. L. Hamilton
Lewy bodies in the amygdala increase risk for major depression in subjects with Alzheimer disease.
Neurology, August 22, 2006; 67(4): 660 - 665.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
M. H. Tabert, J. J. Manly, X. Liu, G. H. Pelton, S. Rosenblum, M. Jacobs, D. Zamora, M. Goodkind, K. Bell, Y. Stern, et al.
Neuropsychological prediction of conversion to Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, August 1, 2006; 63(8): 916 - 924.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Age AgeingHome page
S. Lopez-Pousa, J. G. Olmo, J. V. Franch, A. T. Estrada, O. S. Cors, I. P. Nierga, and E. Gelada-Batlle
Comparative analysis of mortality in patients with Alzheimer's disease treated with donepezil or galantamine.
Age Ageing, July 1, 2006; 35(4): 365 - 371.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Anesth. Analg.Home page
C. W. Hogue Jr, T. Hershey, D. Dixon, R. Fucetola, A. Nassief, K. E. Freedland, B. Thomas, and K. Schechtman
Preexisting cognitive impairment in women before cardiac surgery and its relationship with C-reactive protein concentrations.
Anesth. Analg., June 1, 2006; 102(6): 1602 - 1608.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 NeurologyHome page
C. W. Zhu, N. Scarmeas, R. Torgan, M. Albert, J. Brandt, D. Blacker, M. Sano, and Y. Stern
Clinical features associated with costs in early AD: Baseline data from the Predictors Study
Neurology, April 11, 2006; 66(7): 1021 - 1028.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 NeurologyHome page
J. Verghese, A. LeValley, C. Derby, G. Kuslansky, M. Katz, C. Hall, H. Buschke, and R. B. Lipton
Leisure activities and the risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment in the elderly
Neurology, March 28, 2006; 66(6): 821 - 827.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
N Scarmeas, S M Albert, J J Manly, and Y Stern
Education and rates of cognitive decline in incident Alzheimer's disease.
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, March 1, 2006; 77(3): 308 - 316.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
D. K. Kiely, R. N. Jones, M. A. Bergmann, K. M. Murphy, E. J. Orav, and E. R. Marcantonio
Association between delirium resolution and functional recovery among newly admitted postacute facility patients.
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., February 1, 2006; 61(2): 204 - 208.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Mayo Clin Proc.Home page
D. S. Knopman
Dementia and Cerebrovascular Disease
Mayo Clin. Proc., February 1, 2006; 81(2): 223 - 230.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch NeurolHome page
A. S. Fleisher, W. S. Houston, L. T. Eyler, S. Frye, C. Jenkins, L. J. Thal, and M. W. Bondi
Identification of Alzheimer Disease Risk by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Arch Neurol, December 1, 2005; 62(12): 1881 - 1888.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 The Annals of PharmacotherapyHome page
L. A Boothby and P. L Doering
Vitamin C and Vitamin E for Alzheimer's Disease
Ann. Pharmacother., December 1, 2005; 39(12): 2073 - 2079.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 NeurologyHome page
M. C. Irizarry, M. E. Gurol, S. Raju, R. Diaz-Arrastia, J. J. Locascio, M. Tennis, B. T. Hyman, J. H. Growdon, S. M. Greenberg, and T. Bottiglieri
Association of homocysteine with plasma amyloid {beta} protein in aging and neurodegenerative disease
Neurology, November 8, 2005; 65(9): 1402 - 1408.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch NeurolHome page
J. J. Manly, S. Bell-McGinty, M.-X. Tang, N. Schupf, Y. Stern, and R. Mayeux
Implementing Diagnostic Criteria and Estimating Frequency of Mild Cognitive Impairment in an Urban Community
Arch Neurol, November 1, 2005; 62(11): 1739 - 1746.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]