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The British Journal of Psychiatry 132: 125-132 (1978)
© 1978 The Royal College of Psychiatrists

Decreased urinary output of tyramine and its metabolites in depression

SB Carter, M Sandler, BL Goodwin, P Sepping and PK Bridges

Despite dramatic clinical improvement in about one-third of a group of severely depressed, medication-resistant patients one year after modified leucotomy, their relative decrease in conjugated and free tyramine output after an oral tyramine load remained unchanged and abnormal. Whilst a direct deficit in intestinal tyramine-conjugating ability still needs to be finally ruled out, this appears most compatible with a deficit due to bodily metabolic failure, perhaps a deficit in membrane transport which could be an essential aspect of the depressive illness syndrome. Attention is drawn to a similar defect in migraine. The two illnesses may represent a common predisposition which an appropriate triggering mechanism may transform to the florid disease. Biochemical detection of such vulnerability may have important diagnostic and predictive significance.


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A.S. Hale, R. Hannah, M. Sandler, and V. Glover
Detoxified alcoholics, major depressives and tyramine sulphate excretion
J Psychopharmacol, January 1, 1995; 9(4): 386 - 389.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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M. Sandler and D. Healy
The place of chemical pathology in the development of psychopharmacology
J Psychopharmacol, January 1, 1994; 8(2): 124 - 133.
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Psychiatric Bulletin Advances in Psychiatric Treatment All RCPsych Journals
Copyright © 1978 The Royal College of Psychiatrists.