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The British Journal of Psychiatry 139: 7-15 (1981)
© 1981 The Royal College of Psychiatrists

Formal thought disorder, the type-token ratio and disturbed voluntary motor movement in schizophrenia

TC Manschreck, BA Maher and DN Ader

Little work has been done to determine objective, reliable differences in formal characteristics of the actual utterances of thought- disordered and non-thought-disordered subjects. The type-token ratio (TTR), a quantitative measure of repetition in language, correlated highly with clinical judgments of thought disorder when spoken language was examined, and statistically differentiated thought-disordered from non-thought-disordered schizophrenics and psychiatric and normal controls. Elicited and spontaneous motor abnormalities were associated with reduced TTRs both in schizophrenics and in affective subjects with motor disturbance. The TTR is a reliable, objective indicator of language deviance and thought disorder, and strongly associated with motor disturbances.


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Copyright © 1981 The Royal College of Psychiatrists.