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The British Journal of Psychiatry 140: 566-572 (1982)
© 1982 The Royal College of Psychiatrists

A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia

CP Hughes, L Berg, WL Danziger, LA Coben and RL Martin

Accurate clinical staging of dementia in older subjects has not previously been achieved despite the use of such methods as psychometric testing, behavioural rating, and various combinations of simpler psychometric and behavioural evaluations. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CRD), a global rating device, was developed for a prospective study of mild senile dementia--Alzheimer type (SDAT). Reliability, validity, and correlational data are discussed. The CRD was found to distinguish unambiguously among older subjects with a wide range of cognitive function, from healthy to severely impaired.


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 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
K. H. Pitkala, J. V. Laurila, T. E. Strandberg, H. Kautiainen, H. Sintonen, and R. S. Tilvis
Multicomponent Geriatric Intervention for Elderly Inpatients With Delirium: Effects on Costs and Health-Related Quality of Life
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., January 1, 2008; 63(1): 56 - 61.
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 AM J ALZHEIMERS DIS OTHER DEMENHome page
R. E. Ready and B. R. Ott
Integrating Patient and Informant Reports on the Cornell-Brown Quality-of-Life Scale
American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, January 1, 2008; 22(6): 528 - 534.
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 NeurologyHome page
K. A. Josephs, J. L. Whitwell, J. R. Duffy, W. A. Vanvoorst, E. A. Strand, W. T. Hu, B. F. Boeve, N. R. Graff-Radford, J. E. Parisi, D. S. Knopman, et al.
Progressive aphasia secondary to Alzheimer disease vs FTLD pathology
Neurology, January 1, 2008; 70(1): 25 - 34.
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 J Geriatr Psychiatry NeurolHome page
F. W. Unverzagt, Sujuan Gao, K. A. Lane, C. Callahan, A. Ogunniyi, O. Baiyewu, O. Gureje, K. S. Hall, and H. C. Hendrie
Mild Cognitive Dysfunction: An Epidemiological Perspective With an Emphasis on African Americans
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, December 1, 2007; 20(4): 215 - 226.
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 Arch NeurolHome page
C. Reitz, M.-X. Tang, J. Manly, R. Mayeux, and J. A. Luchsinger
Hypertension and the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Arch Neurol, December 1, 2007; 64(12): 1734 - 1740.
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 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
B. C. Dickerson, R. A. Sperling, B. T. Hyman, M. S. Albert, and D. Blacker
Clinical Prediction of Alzheimer Disease Dementia Across the Spectrum of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Arch Gen Psychiatry, December 1, 2007; 64(12): 1443 - 1450.
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 NeurologyHome page
M. M. Mielke, P. B. Rosenberg, J. Tschanz, L. Cook, C. Corcoran, K. M. Hayden, M. Norton, P. V. Rabins, R. C. Green, K. A. Welsh-Bohmer, et al.
Vascular factors predict rate of progression in Alzheimer disease
Neurology, November 6, 2007; 69(19): 1850 - 1858.
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 Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social ScienceHome page
J. M. Duchek, D. A. Balota, M. Storandt, and R. Larsen
The Power of Personality in Discriminating Between Healthy Aging and Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., November 1, 2007; 62(6): P353 - P361.
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 BrainHome page
G. Gold, P. Giannakopoulos, F. R Herrmann, C. Bouras, and E. Kovari
Identification of Alzheimer and vascular lesion thresholds for mixed dementia
Brain, November 1, 2007; 130(11): 2830 - 2836.
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 NeurologyHome page
F. Barkhof, T. M. Polvikoski, E.C.W. van Straaten, R. N. Kalaria, R. Sulkava, H. J. Aronen, L. Niinisto, S. Rastas, M. Oinas, P. Scheltens, et al.
The significance of medial temporal lobe atrophy: A postmortem MRI study in the very old
Neurology, October 9, 2007; 69(15): 1521 - 1527.
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 Age AgeingHome page
L. Kohler, S. Weyerer, and M. Schaufele
Proxy screening tools improve the recognition of dementia in old-age homes: results of a validation study
Age Ageing, September 19, 2007; (2007) afm108v1.
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 NeurologyHome page
J. C. Morris and W. M. Landau
Leonard Berg, MD (1927 2007)
Neurology, September 18, 2007; 69(12): 1206 - 1207.
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 NeurologyHome page
N. Scarmeas, J. A. Luchsinger, R. Mayeux, and Y. Stern
Mediterranean diet and Alzheimer disease mortality
Neurology, September 11, 2007; 69(11): 1084 - 1093.
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 J Geriatr Psychiatry NeurolHome page
J. Medina and S. Weintraub
Depression in Primary Progressive Aphasia
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, September 1, 2007; 20(3): 153 - 160.
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 J Geriatr Psychiatry NeurolHome page
P.-H. Tsai, S.-P. Chen, K.-N. Lin, P.-N. Wang, H.-C. Wang, C.-Y. Liu, C.-J. Hong, and H.-C. Liu
Survival of Ethnic Chinese With Alzheimer's Disease: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study in Taiwan
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, September 1, 2007; 20(3): 172 - 177.
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 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
A D Hutchinson and J L Mathias
Neuropsychological deficits in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analytic review
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, September 1, 2007; 78(9): 917 - 928.
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 DementiaHome page
R. Cheston, K. Thorne, P. Whitby, and J. Peak
Simulated presence therapy, attachment and separation amongst people with dementia
Dementia, August 1, 2007; 6(3): 442 - 449.
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 J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosi.Home page
D. R. Royall, E. C. Lauterbach, D. Kaufer, P. Malloy, K. L. Coburn, K. J. Black, and The Committee on Research of the American Neuropsy
The Cognitive Correlates of Functional Status: A Review From the Committee on Research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, August 1, 2007; 19(3): 249 - 265.
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 BrainHome page
J. L. Whitwell, S. A. Przybelski, S. D. Weigand, D. S. Knopman, B. F. Boeve, R. C. Petersen, and C. R. Jack Jr
3D maps from multiple MRI illustrate changing atrophy patterns as subjects progress from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease
Brain, July 1, 2007; 130(7): 1777 - 1786.
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 J Geriatr Psychiatry NeurolHome page
H.-C. Liu, P.-N. Wang, H.-C. Wang, K.-N. Lin, C.-J. Hong, C.-Y. Liu, and P.-H. Tsai
Conversion to Dementia From Questionable Dementia in an Ethnic Chinese Population
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, June 1, 2007; 20(2): 76 - 83.
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 Arch NeurolHome page
D. Blacker, H. Lee, A. Muzikansky, E. C. Martin, R. Tanzi, J. J. McArdle, M. Moss, and M. Albert
Neuropsychological Measures in Normal Individuals That Predict Subsequent Cognitive Decline
Arch Neurol, June 1, 2007; 64(6): 862 - 871.
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 StrokeHome page
S. Rastas, A. Verkkoniemi, T. Polvikoski, K. Juva, L. Niinisto, K. Mattila, E. Lansimies, T. Pirttila, and R. Sulkava
Atrial Fibrillation, Stroke, and Cognition: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study of People Aged 85 and Older
Stroke, May 1, 2007; 38(5): 1454 - 1460.
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