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The British Journal of Psychiatry 157: 605-608 (1990)
© 1990 The Royal College of Psychiatrists

Reflections of the self: atypical misidentification and delusional syndromes in two patients with Alzheimer's disease

SE Molchan, RA Martinez, BA Lawlor, JH Grafman and T Sunderland
Laboratory of Clinical Science, Unit of National Institute of Mental Health, NIH Clinical Health Centre, Bethesda, MD 20892.

Two patients with moderately severe AD, when asked directly, could identify their own images in a mirror, but also consistently misidentified their own reflections as that of another person. Both patients were paranoid and mildly depressed at times, but had no evidence of other concurrent psychotic symptoms. It appeared that mood substantially modified the nature of the symptom and the patients' reaction to it over time. These cases illustrate the ability of an organic symptom to be modified by a concurrent affective state, indicating the importance of the interaction between biological and psychological factors in the expression of such symptoms.


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S. Fazio and D. B. Mitchell
Persistence of self in individuals with Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from language and visual recognition
Dementia, February 1, 2009; 8(1): 39 - 59.
[Abstract] [PDF]