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The British Journal of Psychiatry 158: 317-322 (1991)
© 1991 The Royal College of Psychiatrists

The distinction of positive and negative symptoms. The failure of a two- dimensional model

S Arndt, RJ Alliger and NC Andreasen
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242.

The distinction of positive and negative symptoms in describing schizophrenic patients has become popular. It presupposes that symptoms cluster in two dimensions, fitting together not only theoretically but empirically. Factor analysis of three published studies of 93, 62 and 52 schizophrenic patients and a large pooled sample showed that more than two distinct dimensions are required to categorise symptoms in schizophrenia. This result is consistent across methods and samples, and with previous literature. The added dimensionality resulted from a splitting of the positive symptom domain into more distinct factors.


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