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Methodology of a multi-site reliability study

EPSILON Study 3

Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

HELLE CHARLOTTE KNUDSEN, MD

Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark

MORVEN LEESE, PhD, Section of Community Psychiatry (PRiSM)

Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK

MIRELLA RUGGERI, MD

Department of Medicine and Public Health, University ofVerona, Italy

IAN R. WHITE

Medical Statistics Unit, London School ofHygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK

JOSÉ LUIS VÁZQUEZ-BARQUERO, FRCPsych

Clinical and Social Psychiatry Research Unit, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain

EPSILON STUDY GROUP

Correspondence: Professor Aart H. Schene, Academic Medical Centre, Rm. A3.254, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 20 566 2088 ; fax: +31 20 697 1971

Declaration of interest No conflict of interest. Funding detailed in Acknowledgements.

Background The European Psychiatric Services: Inputs Linked to Outcome Domains and Needs (EPSILON) Study aims to produce standardised versions in five European languages of instruments measuring needs for care, family or caregiving burden, satisfaction with services, quality of life, and sociodemographic and service receipt.

Aims To describe background, rationale and design of the reliability study, focusing on reliable instruments, reliability testing theory, a general reliability testing procedure and sample size requirements.

Method A strict protocol was developed, consisting of definitions of the specific reliability measures used, the statistical methods used to assess these reliability coefficients, the development of statistical programmes to make intercentre reliability comparisons, criteria for good reliability, and a general format for the reliability analysis.

Conclusion The reliability analyses are based on classical test theory. Reliability measures used are Cronbach's , Cohen's and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Intersite comparisons were extended with a comparison of the standard error of measurement. Criteria for good reliability may need to be adapted for this type of study. The consequences of low reliability, and reliability differing between sites, must be considered before pooling data.

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