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REVIEW ARTICLES |
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Middlesex Hospital, London
Correspondence: Rahman Haghighat, Adult Department, Tavistock Clinic, 120 Belsize Lane, London NW 3 5BA, UK. E-mail: r.haghighat{at}lycos.com
Declaration of interest Funded by a grant from University College London Trustees.
See editorial, pp. 197-199,
this issue
Background Stigmatisation is of increasing importance in relation to racism, ageism and sexism but also as an impediment to treating patients.
Aims To develop a theoretical foundation to help comprehend the core meaning of stigmatisation and to guide practical anti-stigmatisation measures.
Method Personal reflection; re-interpretation of stigmatisation and reformulation of the relevant concepts.
Results Emergence of a unitary theory of stigmatisation.
Conclusions Based on the structure of stigmatisation one could explore six levels of intervention in anti-stigmatisation campaigns: the cognitive level — educational intervention; the affective level — psychological intervention; the discrimination level — legislative intervention; the denial level — linguistic intervention; the economic origin — political intervention; the evolutionary origin — intellectual and cultural intervention. As destigmatisation has to challenge fundamental human tendencies, anti-stigmatisation campaigns have to be continuous, non-stop, open-ended projects aiming at keeping alive thought processes that moderate and humanise the pursuit of self-interest and the urge to survive in a competitive world.
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