© 2001 The Royal College of Psychiatrists
Nicotine, alcohol and drug dependence and psychiatric comorbidity
Results of a national household survey
National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, Royal Free and University College London Medical School
Department of Psychiatry, University of Leicester
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London
Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine
National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London
Office for National Statistics, London
Correspondence: Dr Michael Farrell, Senior Lecturer and Consultant Psychiatrist, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry and Maudsley Hospital, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8AF, UK. E-mail: m.farrell{at}iop.kcl.ac.uk
Declaration of interest None. Funding detailed in Acknowledgements.
Background There is a well-recognised relationship between substance use disorders and other psychiatric disorders. This relationship has been well documented in a range of population-based studies.
Aims This study aims to report on consumption patterns of and dependence on nicotine, alcohol and non-prescribed drugs and to report on the levels of psychiatric morbidity in these groups.
Method A national household study of psychiatric morbidity was conducted in England and Wales. Psychiatric assessment was based on the Clinical Interview Schedule — Revised (CIS—R). Measures of nicotine, alcohol and drug use and dependence were obtained. This paper compares the levels of psychiatric morbidity in the non-dependent and the nicotine-, alcohol- and drug-dependent cases.
Results Twelve per cent of the non-dependent population were assessed as having any psychiatric disorder compared with 22% of the nicotine-dependent, 30% of the alcohol-dependent and 45% of the drug-dependent population.
Conclusions There is a clear relationship between dependence on nicotine, alcohol and drugs and other psychiatric morbidity.
Related articles in BJP:
- Highlights of this issue
- ELIZABETH WALSH
BJP 2001 179: 0.[Full Text]
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  D Gunnell, D Irvine, L Wise, C Davies, and R M Martin Varenicline and suicidal behaviour: a cohort study based on data from the General Practice Research Database BMJ, October 1, 2009; 339(oct01_1): b3805 - b3805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Carrozzi, F. Pistelli, and G. Viegi Review: Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, October 1, 2008; 2(5): 301 - 317. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Luty, H. Rao, S. M. R. Arokiadass, J. M. Easow, and A. Sarkhel The repentant sinner: methods to reduce stigmatised attitudes towards mental illness Psychiatr. Bull., September 1, 2008; 32(9): 327 - 332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. R.N. Else, E. S. Hishinuma, D. A. Goebert, S. T. Nishimura, and S. Baker Predicting Cigarette Use Among Hawai`i Adolescents School Psychology International, May 1, 2008; 29(2): 230 - 247. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Campion, K. Checinski, J. Nurse, and A. McNeill Smoking by people with mental illness and benefits of smoke-free mental health services Adv. Psychiatr. Treat., May 1, 2008; 14(3): 217 - 228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Bernstein, M. J. Zvolensky, N. B. Schmidt, and N. Sachs-Ericcson Developmental Course(s) of Lifetime Cigarette Use and Panic Attack Comorbidity: An Equifinal Phenomenon? Behav Modif, January 1, 2007; 31(1): 117 - 135. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Maden, P. Skapinakis, G. Lewis, F. Scott, R. Burnett, and E. Jamieson Gender differences in reoffending after discharge from medium-secure units: National cohort study in England and Wales The British Journal of Psychiatry, August 1, 2006; 189(2): 168 - 172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. MORAN, C. COFFEY, A. MANN, J. B. CARLIN, and G. C. PATTON Personality and substance use disorders in young adults The British Journal of Psychiatry, April 1, 2006; 188(4): 374 - 379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Luty What works in alcohol use disorders? Adv. Psychiatr. Treat., January 1, 2006; 12(1): 13 - 22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Luty UK alcohol policy - genius, pure genius Psychiatr. Bull., November 1, 2005; 29(11): 401 - 402. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. N. Abrous, M. Koehl, and M. Le Moal Adult Neurogenesis: From Precursors to Network and Physiology Physiol Rev, April 1, 2005; 85(2): 523 - 569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. R. Lingford-Hughes, S. Welch, and D. J. Nutt Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Pharmacological Management of Substance Misuse, Addiction and Comorbidity: Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology J Psychopharmacol, September 1, 2004; 18(3): 293 - 335. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. T. Abou-Saleh Dual diagnosis: management within a psychosocial context Adv. Psychiatr. Treat., September 1, 2004; 10(5): 352 - 360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P McArdle Substance abuse by children and young people Arch. Dis. Child., August 1, 2004; 89(8): 701 - 704. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. K. Wadsworth, S. A. Simpson, S. C. Moss, and A. P. Smith Recreational Drug Use: Patterns from a South Wales Self-Report Survey J Psychopharmacol, June 1, 2004; 18(2): 228 - 237. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. K. Wadsworth, S. C. Moss, S. A. Simpson, and A. P. Smith Factors Associated with Recreational Drug Use J Psychopharmacol, June 1, 2004; 18(2): 238 - 248. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. BOYS, M. FARRELL, C. TAYLOR, J. MARSDEN, R. GOODMAN, T. BRUGHA, P. BEBBINGTON, R. JENKINS, and H. MELTZER Psychiatric morbidity and substance use in young people aged 13-15 years: results from the Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health The British Journal of Psychiatry, June 1, 2003; 182(6): 509 - 517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|