This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit an eLetter
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Related articles in BJP
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by DALSGAARD, S.
Right arrow Articles by THOMSEN, P. H.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by DALSGAARD, S.
Right arrow Articles by THOMSEN, P. H.
The British Journal of Psychiatry (2002) 181: 416-421
© 2002 The Royal College of Psychiatrists

Conduct problems, gender and adult psychiatric outcome of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

SØREN DALSGAARD, MD, PhD

Psychiatric Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

PREBEN BO MORTENSEN, DMed Sci

National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Denmark

MORTEN FRYDENBERG, PhD

Department of Biostatistics, Aarhus University, Denmark

PER HOVE THOMSEN, DMed Sci

Psychiatric Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Correspondence: Søren Dalsgaard, Psychiatric Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Harald Selmersvej 66, 8240 Risskov, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. E-mail: sda{at}buh.aaa.dk

Declaration of interest None.

Supported by The Danish Medical Council Research Foundation, Fru Hermansens Mindelegat and Rosalie Petersen Foundation.

Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood condition, and is more prevalent in boys. The adult outcome of girls with ADHD has never been studied.

Aims To identify predictors for adult psychiatric outcome of children with ADHD, including gender and comorbidity.

Method Children aged 4-15 years, referred for hyperactivity/inattention and treated with stimulants were included (n=208). The Psychiatric Case Register provided follow-up data on psychiatric admissions in adulthood until a mean age of 31 years.

Results A total of 47 cases (22.6%) had a psychiatric admission in adulthood. Conduct problems in childhood were predictive (hazard ratio HR=2.3; 95% CI 1.22-4.33). Girls had a higher risk compared with boys (HR=2.4; 95% CI 1.1-5.6).

Conclusions Girls with ADHD had a higher risk of adult psychiatric admission than boys. Conduct problems were also associated with a higher risk. Girls with ADHD with conduct problems had a very high risk of a psychiatric admission in adulthood.


Related articles in BJP:

Highlights of this issue
ELIZABETH WALSH
BJP 2002 181: 0. [Full Text]  



This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J Atten DisordHome page
J. Bramham, Susan Young, A. Bickerdike, D. Spain, D. McCartan, and K. Xenitidis
Evaluation of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With ADHD
J Atten Disord, March 1, 2009; 12(5): 434 - 441.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J Atten DisordHome page
K. Rasmussen and S. Levander
Untreated ADHD in Adults: Are There Sex Differences in Symptoms, Comorbidity, and Impairment?
J Atten Disord, January 1, 2009; 12(4): 353 - 360.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J Atten DisordHome page
M. Al-Sharbati, S. Al-Adawi, S. Ganguly, S. Al-Lawatiya, and F. Al-Mshefri
Hyperactivity in a Sample of Omani Schoolboys
J Atten Disord, November 1, 2008; 12(3): 264 - 269.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J Pediatr PsycholHome page
D. Wallis, H. F. Russell, and M. Muenke
Review: Genetics of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
J. Pediatr. Psychol., November 1, 2008; 33(10): 1085 - 1099.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Atten DisordHome page
S. Young and G. H. Gudjonsson
Growing Out of ADHD: The Relationship Between Functioning and Symptoms
J Atten Disord, September 1, 2008; 12(2): 162 - 169.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
T. N. Crawford, P. Cohen, M. B. First, A. E. Skodol, J. G. Johnson, and S. Kasen
Comorbid Axis I and Axis II Disorders in Early Adolescence: Outcomes 20 Years Later
Arch Gen Psychiatry, June 1, 2008; 65(6): 641 - 648.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
N. Fontaine, R. Carbonneau, E. D. Barker, F. Vitaro, M. Hebert, S. M. Cote, D. S. Nagin, M. Zoccolillo, and R. E. Tremblay
Girls' Hyperactivity and Physical Aggression During Childhood and Adjustment Problems in Early Adulthood: A 15-Year Longitudinal Study
Arch Gen Psychiatry, March 1, 2008; 65(3): 320 - 328.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Atten DisordHome page
L. G. Almeida Montes, A. O. Hernandez Garcia, and J. Ricardo-Garcell
ADHD Prevalence in Adult Outpatients With Nonpsychotic Psychiatric Illnesses
J Atten Disord, September 1, 2007; 11(2): 150 - 156.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 JRSMHome page
G. Newton-Howes
What happens when children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder grow up?
J R Soc Med, November 1, 2004; 97(11): 531 - 535.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. PsychiatryHome page
P. McArdle
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and life-span development
The British Journal of Psychiatry, June 1, 2004; 184(6): 468 - 469.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. PsychiatryHome page
K. M. Linnet, S. Dalsgaard, C. Obel, K. Wisborg, T. B. Henriksen, A. Rodriguez, A. Kotimaa, I. Moilanen, P. H. Thomsen, J. Olsen, et al.
Maternal Lifestyle Factors in Pregnancy Risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Associated Behaviors: Review of the Current Evidence
Am J Psychiatry, June 1, 2003; 160(6): 1028 - 1040.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]