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The British Journal of Psychiatry (2002) 181: 422-427
© 2002 The Royal College of Psychiatrists

Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys 23: movement disorders

20-year review

JENNIFER HALLIDAY, MRCPsych, SUSAN FARRINGTON, BA, SHIONA MACDONALD, MRCPsych, TOM MacEWAN, MRCPsych, VAL SHARKEY, BSc and ROBIN McCREADIE, DSc

Department of Clinical Research, Crichton Royal Hospital, Dumfries, UK

Correspondence: Dr Jennifer Halliday, Department of Clinical Research, Crichton Royal Hospital, Dumfries DG1 4TG, UK. Tel: 01387 244000; fax: 01387 257735; e-mail: mikejenq{at}tinyworld.co.uk

Declaration of interest None.

Background In the past 10 years the new atypical antipsychotic drugs have stimulated further interest in the pharmacological management of schizophrenia. The risk of movement disorders has been reported to be less with these new agents.

Aims To examine the current prevalence of movement disorders among all people with schizophrenia in a discrete geographical area, to compare the prevalence in patients receiving and not receiving atypical antipsychotic drugs; and to compare current prevalence with prevalence over the past 20 years.

Method In Nithsdale, south-west Scotland, in 1999/2000, we replicated previous studies by using the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale, Simpson—Angus scale and Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale to measure tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism and akathisia, respectively. Mental state was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.

Results In 136 patients the prevalence of probable tardive dyskinesia was 43%, of parkinsonism 35% and of akathisia 15%. Parkinsonism was present as often in those receiving atypicals as in those receiving standard oral antipsychotics. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia has doubled over 20 years.

Conclusions Movement disorders remain significant problems for patients despite the introduction of atypical antipsychotic drugs.


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