SPECIAL ARTICLE |
Neuropsychiatry Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Health, and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne
National Neural Tissue Resource Centre, National Neuroscience Facility, and Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Correspondence: Dr Dennis Velakoulis, Neuropsychiatry Unit, Level 2 John Cade Building, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. Email: dennis.velakoulis{at}mh.org.au
Background
Few studies have investigated the relationship between schizophrenia and frontotemporal dementia.
Aims
To investigate this relationship through a clinicopathological investigation of young-onset frontotemporal dementia and a review of the case literature.
Method
Cases of young-onset frontotemporal dementia were identified within the local brain bank. The clinical course and pathological findings were collated. For the literature review, cases of frontotemporal dementia identified through Medline were selected according to defined criteria. The demographic, clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics of cases presenting with a psychotic illness were identified.
Results
In the case series, 5 of 17 patients with frontotemporal dementia had presented with a psychotic illness (schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder n=4, bipolar disorder n=1) an average of 5 years prior to the dementia diagnosis. Patients with schizophrenia exhibited changes consistent with TDP-43 and ubiquitin-positive frontotemporal dementia. In the cases review, a third of patients aged 30 years or under and a quarter of those aged 40 years or under had been diagnosed with psychosis at presentation.
Conclusions
Patients with young-onset frontotemporal dementia may be diagnosed with a psychotic illness years before the dementia diagnosis is made. These findings have implications for clinicians and for our further understanding of the neurobiology of psychotic illness.
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