Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, and Section of Brain Maturation, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, UK
Section of Brain Maturation, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, UK
Section of Image Analysis, Centre for Neuroimaging Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, UK
Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Section of Brain Maturation, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, UK
Correspondence: Fiona Toal, Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health, Yarra Bend Road Fairfield, Victoria 3078, Australia. Email: fiona.toal{at}forensicare.vic.gov.au
This study was supported by the MRC UK AIMS network, and the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust.
Background
Autism-spectrum disorder is increasingly recognised, with recent studies estimating that 1% of children in South London are affected. However, the biology of comorbid mental health problems in people with autism-spectrum disorder is poorly understood.
Aims
To investigate the brain anatomy of people with autism-spectrum disorder with and without psychosis.
Method
We used in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and compared 30 adults with autism-spectrum disorder (14 with a history psychosis) and 16 healthy controls.
Results
Compared with controls both autism-spectrum disorder groups had significantly less grey matter bilaterally in the temporal lobes and the cerebellum. In contrast, they had increased grey matter in striatal regions. However, those with psychosis also had a significant reduction in grey matter content of frontal and occipital regions. Contrary to our expectation, within autism-spectrum disorder, comparisons revealed that psychosis was associated with a reduction in grey matter of the right insular cortex and bilaterally in the cerebellum extending into the fusiform gyrus and the lingual gyrus.
Conclusions
The presence of neurodevelopmental abnormalities normally associated with autism-spectrum disorder might represent an alternative entry-point into a final common pathway of psychosis.
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