Schizophrenia Program, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
Schizophrenia Program, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic and Institute of Biomedical Research Agusti Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Endocrinology and Diabetes Section, Institute of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Clinic and Institute of Biomedical Research, Agusti Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
Schizophrenia Program, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic and Institute of Biomedical Research Agusti Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
Schizophrenia Program, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
Endocrinology and Diabetes Section, Institute of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Clinic and Institute of Biomedical Research, Agusti Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
Schizophrenia Program, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Correspondence: Brian Kirkpatrick, Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, 929 St. Sebastian Way, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. Email: bkirkpatrick2{at}aol.com
E.F.-E. received consulting fees and honoraria from Pfizer. T.D. received honoraria from Sanofi Aventis, Pfizer, Merck, Novartis and Amylin, and has received research grants from Eli Lilly. M.B. received consultant fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Wyeth, and honoraria from Janssen-Cilag, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Synthelabo, GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca. E.P. received research grants and consultant fees from Janssen-Cilag and GlaxoSmithKline, and served on the speakers/advisory boards for Janssen-Cilag. E.E. received consulting or speaking fees from Sanofi-Aventis, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Sharpe & Dohme, Servier, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Abbott and Novartis. I.C. received consulting or speaking fees from Sanofi-Aventis, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Sharpe & Dohme, Novartis, Bayer, Eli-Lilly. B.K. received consulting and/or speaking fees from Pfizer, Organon, AstraZeneca, Wyeth, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Solvay.
Supported in part by grant RO1 DK069265 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (B.K), NARSAD Young Investigator Award (E.F.-E.), and the Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERSAM CB7/09/0005 and Catalonia Government DURSI 2005GR00223 (M.B.).
Background
Some studies suggest individuals with schizophrenia have an increased risk of diabetes prior to antipsychotic use. Small sample sizes and the potential for confounding by hypercortisolaemia have decreased confidence in those results.
Aims
To examine diabetes-related factors in newly diagnosed, antipsychotic-naive people with non-affective psychosis.
Method
Participants with psychosis (the psychosis group; n = 50) and matched controls (the control group; n = 50) were given a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting concentrations were also determined for adiponectin, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein.
Results
Compared with the control group, the psychosis group had significant increases in 2 h glucose and interleukin-6 concentrations, and in the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance (16% of psychosis group v. 0% of control group). Adiponectin and C-reactive protein concentrations did not differ significantly between the two groups. These findings could not be attributed to differences in cortisol concentrations, smoking, gender, neighbourhood of residence, body mass index, aerobic conditioning, ethnicity, socioeconomic status or age.
Conclusions
Individuals with non-affective psychosis appear to have an increased prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance prior to antipsychotic treatment, as well as abnormalities in a related inflammatory molecule. These underlying problems may contribute to the metabolic side-effects of antipsychotic medications.
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