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Changes in suicide rates or changes in suicide statistics

A. Marui

SGDP Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF

EDITED BY MATTHEW HOTOPF

I read with interest both McClure's (2000) article and the response by Rihmer et al (2000). Although both reports presented and discussed decreasing suicide rates in their countries since 1990, some important differences need to be highlighted. This letter will argue that results of the latter might have far fewer implications than those of the former.

First, I would agree that it is easier to evaluate outcome of isolated changes in some risk factors than to investigate several interrelated changes in many risk factors, some of these having opposite implications. For example, risk factors for suicide in England and Wales have been changing more or less continuously over the past decade, but there has been no abrupt political change with significant socio-economic consequences. However, in Hungary the changes since the late 1980s have led to improved (e.g. democracy) and worsened (significant increase in unemployment rates) socio-economic variables at the same time.

Second, no major changes have occurred in the official suicide statistics in England and Wales. On the other hand, recent political changes in Hungary might have had an impact on validity and reliability of death certification and reporting. The recording of cause of death could have been influenced by the renaissance of previously repressed Christianity in this country. Kelleher et al (1998) have shown the effect of religion on the reporting of suicide rates. Open verdicts should be therefore also considered before such an extreme decline in suicide rates is reported.

Finally, Rihmer et al (2000) have thought about the possibility of a relationship between suicide rates in Hungary and recent improvements in mental health policy in that country. This is not to disagree with their suggestion that better mental health care is beneficial for suicide prevention, but would it be reasonable to think that these have had more substantial effect than the Gotland study? The latter was systematically prepared, well-controlled and correctly evaluated. However, although significant, far more moderate decreases in suicide rates were noted in the pioneering work by Rutz et al (1995).

REFERENCES

Kelleher, M. J., Chambers, D., Corcoran, P., et al (1998) Religious sanctions and rates of suicide worldwide. Crisis, 19, 78 -86.[Medline]

McClure, G. M. G. (2000) Changes in suicide in England and Wales, 1960-1997. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 64 -67.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Rihmer, Z., Appleby, L., Rihmer, A., et al (2000) Decreasing suicide in Hungary (letter). British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 84.[Free Full Text]

Rutz, W., von Knorring, L., Pihlgren, H., et al (1995) Prevention of male suicides: lessons from the Gotland study (letter). Lancet, 345, 524.

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This Article Full Text (PDF) Submit an eLetter Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Marusic, A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Marusic, A.