The British Journal of Psychiatry (2008) 193: 321. doi: 10.1192/bjp.193.4.321
© 2008 The Royal College of Psychiatrists
Autism - in 100 words
Simon Baron-Cohen
Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) occur in 1% of the population, are
strongly heritable, and result from atypical neurodevelopment. Classic autism
and Asperger Syndrome (AS) share difficulties in social functioning,
communication and coping with change, alongside unusually narrow interests. IQ
is average or above in AS with average or even precocious age of language
onset. Many areas within the `social brain' are atypical in ASC. ASC has a
profile of impaired empathy alongside strong `systemising'. Hence, ASC
involves disability (when empathy is required) and talent (when strong
systemising would be advantageous). Psychological interventions that target
empathy by harnessing systemising may help.