Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-17T17:29:47.341Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A State-Dependent Learning Effect Produced by Amylobarbitone Sodium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

P. Ley ,
V. K. Jain ,
R. P. Swinson ,
D. Eaves ,
P. W. Bradshaw ,
J. A. Kincey ,
R. Crowder  and
S. Abbiss
S. Abbiss
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Liverpool, 6 Abercromby Square, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool, L69 3BX
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Learning is said to be state-dependent when a response which is learned in a given internal state shows disproportionate decrement in retention when the internal state of the learner is changed. Research on this phenomenon has a long history. It was first noted by investigators who were concerned with the problem of whether overt responses were necessary for the formation of classically conditioned responses. Curare was used to eliminate the overt response, and it was found that:

Type
Research Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 120 , Issue 558 , May 1972 , pp. 511 - 515
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1972 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barry, H. III, Wagner, A. R., and Miller, N. E. (1962). ‘Effects of alcohol and amobarbital on performance inhibited by experimental extinction.’ J. comp. Physiol. Psychol., 55, 464–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barry, H. III, Etheridge, E. E., and Miller, N. E. (1965). ‘Counterconditioning of fear aided by amobarbital fails to transfer to non-drug state.∗ Psychopharmacologia, 8, 150–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, A. H., Carlson, N. J., and Solomon, R. L. (1962). ‘Exploratory studies of the conditioning of autonomic responses in curarized dogs.’ Psychol. Monogr., 76, 1–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, A. H., Carlson, N. J., and Lang, W. M. (1964). ‘Cardiac conditioning and skeletal responding in curarized dogs.’ Psychol. Rev., 71 (1), 80–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bustamante, J. A., Rossello, A., Jordan, A., Pradera, E., and Insua, A. (1968). ‘Learning and drugs.’ Physiol Behav., 3, 553–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Culler, E. A., Coakley, J. D., Shurrager, P. S., and Ades, H. W. (1939). ‘Differential effects of curare upon higher and lower levels of the central nervous system.’ Amer. J. Psychol., 52, 266–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crow, L. T. (1966). ‘Effects of alcohol on conditioned avoidance responding.’ Physiol. Behav., 1, 89–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Girden, E. (1940). ‘Cerebral mechanisms in conditioning under curare.’ Amer. J. Psychol., 53, 397–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Girden, E. (1942a). ‘The dissociation of blood pressure conditioned responses under erythridine.’ J. exp. Psychol. 31, 219–31.Google Scholar
Girden, E. (1942b). ‘The dissociation of pupillary conditioned reflexes under erythridine and curare.’ J. exp. Psychol, 31, 322–32.Google Scholar
Girden, E. and Culler, E. (1937). ‘Conditioned responses in curarized striate muscle in dogs.’ J. comp. Psychol, 23, 261–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodwin, D. W., Powell, B., Bremer, D., Hoine, H., and Stern, I. (1969). ‘Alcohol and recall: state-dependent effects in man.’ Science, 163, 1358–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hare, E. H., and Willcox, D. R. (1967). ‘Do psychiatric in-patients take their pills?’ Brit. J. Psychiat., 113, 1435–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hetherington, R. R. (1967). ‘A neologism learning test.’ Brit. J. Psychiat., 113, 1133–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hunt, H. F. (1956). ‘Effects of drugs on emotional responses and abnormal behaviour in animals.’ In: Conference on Drugs and Psychiatry. Washington, D.C.: National Research Council.Google Scholar
Krieckhaus, E. E. (1965). ‘Decrements in avoidance behaviour following mamillothalamic tractotomy in rats and subsequent recovery with dexedrine.’ J. comp. Physiol. Psychol., 60, 31–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krieckhaus, E. E. Miller, N. E., and Zimmerman, P. (1965). ‘Reduction of freezing behaviour and improvement of shock avoidance by d-amphetamine.’ J. comp. Physiol. Psychol., 60, 36–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ley, P., and Spelman, M. S. (1967). Communicating with the Patient. London: Staples Press.Google Scholar
Miller, N. E. (1961). ‘Some recent studies of conflict behaviour and drugs.’ Amer. Psychol., 16, 12–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overton, D. (1964). ‘State-dependent or “dissociated” learning produced with pentobarbital.’ J. comp. Physiol. Psychol., 57, 3–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, K. V. (1964). ‘Curare drugs and total paralysis.’ Psychol. Rev., 71, 77–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Solomon, R. L., and Turner, L. H. (1962). ‘Discriminative classical conditioning in dogs paralysed by curare can later control discriminative avoidance responses in the normal state.’ Psychol. Rev., 69, 202–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storm, T., and Caird, W. K. (1967). ‘The effects of alcohol on serial verbal learning in chronic alcoholics.’ Psychonom. Sci., 9, 43–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storm, T., and Smart, R. G. (1965). Dissociation: a possible explanation of some features of alcoholism and implications for treatment.’ Quart. J. Stud. Alcohol, 26, 111–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.