Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-ws8qp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T11:42:44.112Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Follow-up of 53 Bipolar Manic-Depressive Patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

Gabrielle A. Carlson
Affiliation:
St. Louis University Medical School; Psychiatrist at Child Center of Our Lady of Grace, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.
Joel Kotin
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, U.S.A.
Yolande B. Davenport
Affiliation:
National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.
Marvin Adland
Affiliation:
Section on Psychiatry, Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.

Extract

Despite the monumental follow-up studies of patients with manic-depressive illness by Lundquist (1945), Rennie (1942), Hastings (1958), and more recently, Shobe (1971), the development of the concept of unipolar and bipolar forms of affective disorders with clinical (Brodie and Leff, 1971), genetic (Dunner et al., 1970; Winokur et al., 1969), and biologic differences (Buchsbaum et al., 1971; Cohn et al., 1970), has necessitated a revaluation of the question of outcome in this psychiatric illness. The availability of lithium carbonate for both acute and prophylactic treatment of mania (Schou, 1968; Coppen et al., 1971), and possibly depression (Goodwin et al., 1972), has also increased the clinical importance of the unipolar-bipolar distinction. The purpose of this study is to provide further information regarding the course of bipolar manic-depressive illness by reporting the level of functioning, recurrence of episodes, and quality of life at follow-up assessed in a group of patients formerly hospitalized for mania at the National Institutes of Health.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1974 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Astrup, C., Fossum, A., and Holmboe, R. (1959). ‘A follow-up study of 270 patients with acute affective psychosis.’ Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Scandinavica, Suppl. 135, 34.Google Scholar
Bratfos, O., and Haug, J. O. (1968). ‘The course of manic-depressive psychosis. A follow-up investigation of 215 patients.’ Acta Psychiatrica et Newrologica Scandmavica, 44, 89112.Google Scholar
Brodie, H. K. H., and Leff, M. J. (1971). ‘Bipolar depression—a comparative study of patient characteristics.’ American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 1086–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buchsbaum, M., Goodwin, F. K., Murphy, D. L., and Borge, G. (1971). ‘Average evoked response in affective disorders.’ American Journal of Psychiatry, 128, 1925.Google Scholar
Cohn, C. K., Dunner, D. L., and Axelrod, J. (1970). ‘Reduced catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in red blood cells of women with primary affective disorder.’ Science, 170, 1323–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coppen, A., Noguera, R., Bailey, J., Burns, B. H., Swani, M. S., Hare, E. H., Gardner, R., and Maggs, R. (1971). ‘Prophylactive lithium in affective disorders.’ Lancet, ii, 275–9.Google Scholar
Dunner, D. L., Gershon, E. S., and Goodwin, F. K. (1970). ‘Heritable factors in the severity of affective illness.’ Read before the 123rd Annual Meeting, American Psychiatric Association, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Goodwin, F. K., Murphy, D. L., Dunner, D. L., and Bunney, W. E. Jr. (1972). ‘Lithium response in unipolar and bipolar depression.’ American Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 44–7.Google Scholar
Hastings, D. W. (1958). ‘Follow-up results in psychiatric illness.’ American Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 1057–66.Google Scholar
Kraepelin, E. (1921). Manic-Depressive Insanity and Paranoia (trans. Barclay, M.). Edinburgh: E. S. Lovingston.Google Scholar
Lundquist, G. (1945). ‘Prognosis and course in manic-depressive psychosis.’ Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Scandinavica, Suppl. 35.Google Scholar
Mendlewicz, J., Fieve, R. R., Rainer, J. D., and Fleiss, J. L. (1972). ‘Manic-depressive illness. A comparative study of patients with and without a family history.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 120, 523–30.Google Scholar
Perris, C., (Ed.) (1966). ‘A study of bipolar (manic-depressive) and unipolar recurrent depressive psychoses.’ Acta Psychiatrica Scandmavica, Suppl. 194.Google Scholar
Perris, C. (1968). ‘The course of depressive psychosis.’ Acta Psychiatrica et Newrologica Scandinavica, 44, 238–48.Google Scholar
Rennie, T. A. C. (1942). ‘Prognosis in manic-depressive psychosis.’ American Journal of Psychiatry, 98, 801–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schou, M. (1968). ‘Special review: lithium in psychiatric therapy and prophylaxis.’ Journal of Psychiatric Research, 6, 6795.Google Scholar
Shobe, F. O., and Brion, P. (1971). ‘Long-term prognosis in manic-depressive illness.’ Archives of General Psychiatry, 24, 334–7.Google Scholar
Strauss, J. S., and Carpenter, W. T. ‘The Evaluation of outcome in schizophrenia’, to be published in Life History Research in Psychopathology, Vol. 3, Roff, M. and Richs, D. (Eds.) University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
Wertham, F. L. (1920). ‘A group of benign chronic psychoses: prolonged manic excitements.’ American Journal of Psychiatry, 9, 1778.Google Scholar
Winokur, G. W., Clayton, P. J., and Reich, T. (1969). Manic-Depressive Illness. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Company.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.