Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-t5pn6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T05:56:21.564Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Have Multivariate Statistics Contributed to Classification?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

E. S. Paykel
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In the last twenty years many workers have applied multivariate statistical techniques to problems of classification in psychiatry. To what extent have the techniques resolved the problems? This personal view will attempt to appraise the current situation.

Type
Comments
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 139 , Issue 4 , October 1981 , pp. 357 - 362
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1981 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andreasen, N. C., Grove, W. M. & Maurer, R. (1980) Cluster analysis and the classification of depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 256–65.Google Scholar
Andrews, G., Kiloh, L. G. & Neilson, M. (1973) Patterns of depressive illness. The compatibility of disparate points of view. Archives of General Psychiatry, 29, 670–3.Google Scholar
Bagley, C. (1973) Social policy and the prevention of suicidal behaviour. British Journal of Social Work, 3, 473–95.Google Scholar
Brockington, I. F., Kendell, R. E., Wainwright, S., Hillier, V. F. & Walker, J. (1979) The distinction between the affective psychoses and schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 243–8.Google Scholar
Byrne, D. G. (1978) Cluster analysis applied to self-reported depressive symptomatology. Acta Psychiatricia Scandinavica, 57, 1—10.Google Scholar
Carney, M. W. P., Roth, M. & Garside, R. F. (1965) The diagnosis of depressive syndromes and the prediction of ECT response. British Journal of Psychiatry, 111, 659–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, W. T., Bartko, J. J., Carpenter, C. L. & Strauss, J. S. (1976) Another view of schizophrenia sub-types. A report from the International pilot study of schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 508–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demel, I., Gordesch, J., Katschnig, H., Poldinger, W., Scheiber, V. & Sint, P. (1973) Multivariate procedures in the statistical analysis of psychic and somatic symptoms in depression. In Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (eds. Ruesch, J., and Schmale, A. H. S.). Karger: Basel.Google Scholar
Everitt, B. S. (1972) Cluster analysis: a brief discussion of some of the problems. British Journal of Psychiatry, 120, 143–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Everitt, B. S., Gourlay, A. J. & Kendell, R. E. (1971) An attempt at validation of traditional psychiatric syndromes by cluster analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 119, 399—412.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fahy, T. J., Brocklebank, J. T. & Ashby, D. W. (1970) Syndromes of self-poisoning. Irish Journal of Medical Science, 3, 497—503.Google Scholar
Garside, R. F. & Roth, M. (1978) Multivariate statistical methods and problems of classification in psychiatry. British Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 53—67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garside, R. F., Kay, D. W. K., Wilson, I. C., Deaton, I. D. & Roth, M. (1971) Depressive syndromes and the classification of patients. Psychological Medicine, 1, 333–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grinker, R., Werble, B. & Bryce, R. E. (1968) The Borderline Syndrome. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Gurney, C., Roth, M., Garside, R. F., Kerr, T. A. & Shapira, K. (1972) Studies in the classification of affective disorders. The relationship between anxiety states and depressive illness, II. British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 162–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, M. (1960) A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 23, 56—62.Google Scholar
Hamilton, M. & White, J. M. (1959) Clinical syndromes in depressive states. Journal of Mental Science, 105, 985–98.Google Scholar
Hempel, C. G. (1961) Introduction to problems of taxonomy. In Field Studies in the Mental Disorders (ed. Zubin, J.). pp 3—22. New York: Grune & Stratton.Google Scholar
Henderson, A. S. & Lance, G. N. (1979) Types of attempted suicide (parasuicide). Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 59, 31–9.Google Scholar
Henderson, A. S., Hartigan, J., Davidson, J., Lance, G. N., Duncan-Jones, P., Koller, K. M., Ritchie, K., McAuley, H., Williams, C. L. & Slaghuis, W. (1977) A typology of parasuicide. British Journal of Psychiatry, 131, 631–41.Google Scholar
Katschnig, H. & Sint, P. (1974) Are there different types of attempted suicide? A cluster analytic approach. In Proceedings 7th International Conference for Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam 1973 (eds. Speyer, Diekstra and Van der Loo, ). Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger BV.Google Scholar
Kendell, R. E. (1968) The classification of Depressive Ilnesses. Institute of Psychiatry, Maudsley Monograph, No. 18 (Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Kendell, R. E. (1975) The Role of Diagnosis in Psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Kendell, R. E. & Gourlay, J. (1970) The clinical distinction between the affective psychoses and schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 117, 261–6.Google Scholar
Kendell, R. E. & Post, F. (1973) Depressive illnesses in late life. British Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 615–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kiev, A. (1976) Cluster analyses profiles of suicide attempters. American Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 150–3.Google Scholar
Lorr, M. (1966) Explorations in Typing Psychotics. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Mendels, J. & Cochrane, C. (1968) The nosology of depression: the endogenous-reactive concept. American Journal of Psychiatry, 124, 1—11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mendels, J., Weinstein, N. & Cochrane, C. (1972) The relationship between depression and anxiety. Archives of General Psychiatry, 27, 649–53.Google Scholar
Moore, T. V. (1930) The empirical determination of certain syndromes underlying praecox and manic-depressive psychosis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 9, 719–38.Google Scholar
Ní Bhrolchaín, M., Brown, G. W. & Harris, T. O. (1979) Psychotic and neurotic depression: 2. Clinical characteristics. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 94—107.Google Scholar
Overall, J. E., Hollister, L. E., Johnson, M. & Pennington, V. (1966) Nosology of depression and differential response to drugs. Journal of the American Medical Association, 195, 946–64.Google Scholar
Paykel, E. S. (1971) Classification of depressed patients: a cluster analysis derived grouping. British Journal of Psychiatry, 118, 275–88.Google Scholar
Paykel, E. S. & Rassaby, E. (1978) Classification of suicide attempters by cluster analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 45—52.Google Scholar
Paykel, E. S., Prusoff, B. & Klerman, G. L. (1971) The endogenous-neurotic continuum in depression: rater independence and factor distributions. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 8, 73—90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pilowsky, I., Levine, S. & Boulton, D. M. (1969) The classification of depression by numerical taxonomy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 115, 937–45.Google Scholar
Prusoff, B. & Klerman, G. L. (1974) Differentiating depressed from anxious neurotic out-patients. Use of discriminant function analysis for separation of neurotic affective states. Archives of General Psychiatry, 30, 302–9.Google Scholar
Rao, C. R. & Slater, P. (1949) Multivariate analysis applied to differences between neurotic groups. British Journal of Psychology (Statistical Section), 2, 17—29.Google Scholar
Raskin, A. & Crook, T. H. (1960) The endogenous-neurotic distinction as a predictor of response to antidepressant drugs. Psychological Medicine, 6, 59—70.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, S. H. (1967) Neurotic and endogenous depressions: a sceptical view. British Journal of Psychiatry, 113, 1154–5.Google Scholar
Roth, M. & Mountjoy, C. Q. (in press) The distinction between anxiety states and depressive disorders. In Handbook of Affective Disorders (ed. Paykel, E. S.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.Google Scholar
Roth, M., Gurney, G., Garside, R. F. & Kerr, T. A. (1972) Studies in the classification of affective disorders. The relationship between anxiety states and depressive illness. British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 147–61.Google Scholar
Strauss, J. S., Bartko, J. J. & Carpenter, W. T. (1973) The use of clustering techniques for the classification of psychiatric patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 531–40.Google Scholar
Williams, G. W., Barton, G. M., White, A. A. & Won, H. (1976) Cluster analysis applied to symptom ratings of psychiatric patients: an evaluation of its predictive ability. British Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 178–85.Google Scholar
Wittenborn, J. R., Holzberg, J. M. & Simon, B. (1953) Symptom correlates for descriptive diagnosis. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 47, 237—301.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.