Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T12:14:00.049Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Depression, Recognition-Memory and Hedonic Tone a Signal Detection Analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

G. C. Dunbar  and
W. A. Lishman
G. C. Dunbar
Affiliation:
C.N.S. Drugs, Medical Research & Development Unit, Organon International B. V., Oss, Holland
W. A. Lishman
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

A signal detection analysis was used in a recognition memory task involving material of varying hedonic tone. Major differences were found between the control and depressed states. Although overall recognition rates were the same, pleasant material was recognised less and unpleasant material more easily by depressives. Neutral material was recognised equally well by both groups. In the depressed state, response biases were altered such that unpleasant material was handled in a preferential way to neutral or pleasant material.

Type
Papers
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 144 , Issue 4 , April 1984 , pp. 376 - 382
Copyright
Copyright © 1984 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Banks, W. P. (1970) Signal detection theory and human memory. Psychological Bulletin, 74, 81–99.Google Scholar
Barrett, D. M. (1938) Memory in relation to hedonic tone. Archives of Psychology, 31, 1–61.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendleson, M., Mock, J. & Erbaugh, J. (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bower, G. H. (1981) Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36, 129–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broadbent, D. E. & Gregory, M. (1967) Perception of emotionally toned words. Nature, 215, 581–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, R. M., Weingartner, H., Smallberg, S. A., Pickar, D. & Murphy, D. L. (1982) Efforts and cognition in depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 563–7.Google Scholar
Cronholm, B. & Ottosson, J. (1961) Memory functions in endogenous depression before and after ECT. Archives of General Psychiatry, 5, 163–6.Google Scholar
Cutting, J. (1981) Response bias in Korsakoff's syndrome. Cortex, 17, 107–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dutta, S. & Kanungo, R. N. (1967) Retention of affective material: a further verification of the intensity hypothesis. Journal of Personal and Social Psychology, 5, 476–1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eysenck, H & Eysenck, S. (1975) Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. London: Hodder and Stoughton.Google Scholar
Feighner, J. P., Robins, E., Guze, S. B., Woodruff, R. A., Winokur, G. & Munoz, R. (1972) Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry, 26, 57–63.Google ScholarPubMed
Fogarty, S. (1980) M. Phil Thesis, University of London.Google Scholar
Hamilton, M. (1960) A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 23, 56–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Healy, A. F. & Kubovy, M. (1978) The effects of pay-offs and prior probabilities on indices of performance and cut-off location in recognition-memory. Memory and Cognition, 6, 544–53.Google Scholar
Hochhaus, L. (1972) A table for the calculation of d' and B. Psychological Bulletin, 77, 375–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, D. S. (1970) Differential change in affective intensity and the forgetting of unpleasant personal experiences. Journal of Personal and Social Psychology, 15, 234–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Irving, G., Robinson, R. & McAdam, W. (1970) The validity of some cognitive tests in the diagnosis of dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 117, 149–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Isen, A. M., Clark, M., Shalker, T. E. & Karp, L. (1978) Affect, accessibility of material in memory and behaviour: A cognitive loop? Journal of Personal and Social Psychology, 36, 1–12.Google ScholarPubMed
Kanungo, R. N. & Dutta, S. (1966) Retention of affective material: Frame of reference or intensity. Journal of Personal and Social Psychology, 4, 27–35.Google ScholarPubMed
Kendrick, D., Parboosingth, R. & Post, F. (1965) A synonym learning test for use with elderly psychiatric patients: A validation study. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4, 63–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lishman, W. A. (1972) Selective factors in memory. Part I: age, sex and personality attributes. Psychological Medicine, 2, 121–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lishman, W. A. (1974) The speed and recall of pleasant and unpleasant experiences. Psychological Medicine, 4, 212–18.Google ScholarPubMed
Lloyd, G. G. & Lishman, W. A. (1975) Effects of depression on the speed of recall of pleasant and unpleasant experiences. Psychological Medicines, 5, 173–80.Google ScholarPubMed
Master, D., Lishman, W. A. & Smith, A. (1983) Speed of recall in relation to affective tone and intensity of experience. Psychological Medicine (In press).Google Scholar
Meltzer, H. (1930) The present status of experimental studies on the relationship of feeling to memory. Psychological Review, 37, 124–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menzies, R. (1935) The comparitive memory values of pleasant, unpleasant and indifferent experiences. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 267–79.Google Scholar
Miller, E. & Lewis, L. (1977) Recognition memory in elderly patients with depression and dementia, a signal detection analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86, 84–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Miller, W. R. (1975) Psychological deficit in depression. Psychological Bulletin, 82, 238–60.Google ScholarPubMed
Mischel, W., Ebbesen, E. B. & Zeiss, A. M. (1976) Determinants of selective memory about the self. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 44, 92–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pastore, R. E. & Scheirer, C. J. (1974) Signal detection theory: considerations for general application. Psychological Bulletin, 81, 945–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, J. T. (1979) Signal detection theory and the effects of severe head injury upon recognition memory. Cortex, 15, 145–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Strömgren, I. S. (1977) The influence of depression and memory. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 56, 106–28.Google Scholar
Swets, J. A., Tanner, W. C. & Birdsall, T. G. (1961) Decision processes in perception. Psychological Review, 68, 301–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swets, J. A. (1973) The relative operating characteristic in psychology. Science, 182, 990–1000.Google ScholarPubMed
Teasdale, J. D. & Fogarty, S. J. (1979) Differential effects of induced mood on retrieval of pleasant and unpleasant events from episodic memory. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88, 248–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thorndike, E. & Lorge, I. (1944) The Teachers Word Book of 30.000 Words. Teachers College, Columbia University.Google Scholar
Tulving, E. & Thomson, D. M. (1973) Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 80, 352–373.Google Scholar
Waters, R. H. & Leeper, R. (1936) The relation of affective tone to the retention of experiences of daily life. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 19, 203–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitehead, A. (1974) Factors in the learning deficit of elderly depressives. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 13, 201–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.