Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-16T09:46:46.277Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Family Study of Bipolar II Disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

W. Coryell ,
J. Endicott ,
T. Reich ,
N. Andreasen  and
M. Keller
W. Coryell*
Affiliation:
The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Psychiatry, 500 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
J. Endicott
Affiliation:
New York State Psychiatric Institute, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
T. Reich
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 14109 St. Louis, Missouri 63178, USA
N. Andreasen
Affiliation:
The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Psychiatry, 500 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
M. Keller
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
*
∗Correspondence
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Professional raters who were blind to proband diagnosis used the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia (SADS-L) and the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) to evaluate 1, 210 first-degree relatives of 327 probands with primary major depression, participating in the family sub-study of the NIMH Collaborative Study of the Affective Disorders – Clinical Branch. Bipolar II probands were significantly more likely to have bipolar II relatives than were non-bipolar or bipolar I probands. Bipolar II probands were slightly more likely than non-bipolar probands and slightly less likely than bipolar I probands to have relatives with bipolar I illness. Similar patterns have emerged in two other recently reported family studies of bipolar II illness. Taken together, these data suggest heterogeneity among patients with bipolar II depression. Some appear to be genotypes for bipolar I illness, while a small proportion may be genotypes for non-bipolar illness. A third group, of undetermined size, may breed true.

Type
Research Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 145 , Issue 1 , July 1984 , pp. 49 - 54
Copyright
Copyright © 1984 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akiskal, H. S. (1981) Subaffective disorders: Dysthymic, cyclothymic and bipolar II disorders in the “borderline” realm. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 4, 25–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akiskal, H. S., Djenderendjian, A. H., Rosenthal, R. H., & Khani, M. K. (1977) Cyclothymic disorder; Validating criteria for inclusion in the bipolar affective group. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 1227–1233.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1968) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-II) (2nd ed.). Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Andreasen, N. C., Grove, W. M., Shapiro, R. W., Keller, M. B., Hirschfeld, R. M. A. & McDonald-Scott, P. (1981) Reliability of life-time diagnosis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 400–5.Google Scholar
Angst, J., Frey, R. Lohmeyer, B. & Zerbin-Rudin, E. (1980) bipolar manic-depressive psychoses: Results of a genetic investigation. Human Genetic, 55, 237–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breborowicz, G. & Trzebiatowska-Trzeciak, O. (1976) A method for testing differences in morbidity risk for affective psychoses. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, 54, 353–358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coryell, W. (1982) Hypomania. Journal of Affective Disorders, 4, 167–171.Google Scholar
Coryell, W. & Winokur, G. (1982) Course and outcome. In Handbook of Affective Disorders (ed. Paykel, E. S.). London: Churchill Livingstone.Google Scholar
Depue, R. A. & Monroe, S. M. (1978) The unipolar-bipolar distinction in the depressive disorders. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1001–1029.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunner, D. L. (1983) Subtypes of bipolar affective disorder with particular regard to bipolar II. Psychiatric Developments, 1, 75–86.Google Scholar
Dunner, D. L., Fleiss, J. L. & Fieve, R. R. (1976) The course of development of mania in patients with recurrent depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 905–908.Google ScholarPubMed
Dunner, D. L., Gershon, E. S. & Goodwin, F. K. (1976) Heritable factors in the severity of affective illness. Biological Psychiatry, 11, 31–42.Google ScholarPubMed
Dunner, D. L., Go, R. C. P. & Fieve, R. R. A family study of patients with bipolar II illness. Read at the 13th C.I.N.P. Congress, Jerusalem, Israel, June, 1982.Google Scholar
Endicott, J., Nee, J., Andreasen, N., Clayton, P., Keller, M. & Coryell, W. Bipolar II: Combine or keep separate? Journal of Affective Disorders (in press).Google Scholar
Endicott, J. & Spitzer, R. L. (1978) A diagnostic interview: The schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 837–844.Google Scholar
Endicott, J. & Spitzer, R. L. (1979) Use of the research diagnostic criteria and the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia to study affective disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 52–56.Google Scholar
Gershon, E. S., Hamovit, J., Guroff, J. J., Dibble, E., Leckman, J. F., Sceery, W., Targum, S. D., Nurnberger, J. I., Goldin, L. R. & Bunney, W. E. (1982) A family study of schizoaffective, bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar, and normal control probands. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 1157–1167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodwin, F. K., Murphy, D. L., Dunner, D. L. & Bunney, W. E. (1972) Lithium response in unipolar vs. bipolar depression 1972. American Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 1.Google Scholar
Grove, W., Andreasen, N. C., McDonald-Scott, P., Keller, M. B. & Shapiro, R. W. (1931) Reliability studies of psychiatric diagnosis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 408–413.Google Scholar
Grove, W., Secunda, S. K., Hirschfeld, R. M. A. & Koslow, S. H. (1979) NIMH clinical research branch collaborative program on the psychobiology of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 765–771.Google Scholar
Keller, M. B., Lavori, P. W., McDonald-Scott, P., Scheftner, W. A., Andreasen, N. C., Shapiro, R. W. & Croughan, J. (1981) Reliability of lifetime diagnosis and symptoms in patients with a current psychiatric disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 16, 229–240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kraepelin, E. (1921) Manic-depressive insanity and paranoia. Edinburgh: Livingstone.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leonhard, K., Korff, I. & Shulz, H. (1982) Die temperamente in den familien der monopolaren und bipolaren phasischen psychosen. Psychiatry and Neurology, 143, 416.Google Scholar
Perris, C. (1966) A study of bipolar (manic depressive) and unipolar recurrent depressive psychoses. I. Genetic investigation. Acta Psychiatric Scandinavica Supplement, 194, 15–44.Google Scholar
Prien, R. F., Klett, J. & Caffey, E. M. (1974) Lithium prophylaxis in recurrent affective illness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 131, 198–203.Google Scholar
Stromgren, E. (1935) Zum ersatz des Weinbergachen Abgekerzten Verfahrens. Zeitschrift fur die gezante vendogie und Psychiatric 153, 784–797.Google Scholar
Winokur, G., Clayton, P. J. & Reich, T. (1969) Manic Depressive Illness. St. Louis, Missouri: C. V. Mosby.Google Scholar
Winokur, G., Tsuang, M. T. & Crowe, R. R. (1982) The Iowa 500: Affective disorder in relatives of manic and depressed patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 209–212.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.