Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T23:53:56.541Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Third Ventricle Size and Dementia in Schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

Robert G. Bankier*
Affiliation:
University of Manitoba, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Canada

Abstract

Using an ultrasound technique, the widths of the third ventricle in a group of normal subjects was compared with groups of chronic schizophrenics and acutely ill schizophrenics. While the chronic patients showed a significantly wider ventricle (p < 0.5) from the other two groups, only 14% of the chronic patients had a third ventricle greater than the accepted normal maximum of 8 mm. Neuropsychological tests confirmed organic brain impairment in both chronic and acutely ill patients but there was no significant difference between chronic patients with large ventricles and those with normal size ventricles. This suggests that third ventricle size is not part of the schizophrenic disease process and is not related to the dementia seen in the late stages of the illness.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © 1985 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andreasen, N. C., Smith, M. R., Jacoby, C. G., Dennert, J. W. & Olsen, S. A. (1982) Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: definition and prevalence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 292296.Google ScholarPubMed
Asano, N. (1967) Pneumoencephalography study of schizophrenia In Clinical Genetics in Psychiatry (ed. Mitsuda, H.). Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin.Google Scholar
Crow, T. J. (1982) Two syndromes in schizophrenia? Trends in Neurosciences, 5(10), 351354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asano, N., Johnstone, E. C., Longden, A. J. & Owen, F. (1978) Dopaminergic mechanisms in schizophrenia: The antipsychotic effect and the disease process. Life Sciences, 23, 563568.Google Scholar
Asano, N., Frith, C. D., Johnstone, E. C. & Owens, D. G. C. (1980) Schizophrenia and cerebral atrophy. Lancet, i, 11291130.Google Scholar
Donnelly, E. F., Weinberger, D. R., Waldman, I. N. & Wyatt, R. J. (1980) Cognitive impairment associated with morphological brain abnormalities on computed tomography in chronic schizophrenia patients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 168, 305308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donovan, J. F., Galbraith, A. J. & Jackson, H. (1949) Some observations on leucotomy and investigations by pneumoencephalography. Journal of Mental Science, 95, 655666.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Engeset, A. & Lönnum, A. (1958) Third ventricles of 12 mm width or more. A preliminary report. Acta Radiologica (Stockholm), 50, 511.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glück, E., Radü, E. W., Mundt, C. & Gerhardt, P. (1980) A computed tomographic protective cohort study of chronic schizophrenics. Neuroradiology, 20, 167171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golden, C. J., Purisch, A. D. & Hammeke, T. A. (1979) The Luria–Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery: A Manual for Clinical and Experimental Uses. Lincoln: University of Nebraska.Google Scholar
Golden, C. J., Moses, J. A., Zelawosku, R., Graber, B., Zatz, L. M., Horvath, T. B. & Berger, P. A. (1980) Cerebral ventricular size and neurological impairment in young chronic schizophrenics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 619623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossman, Charles C. (1966) The Use of Diagnostic Ultrasound in Brain Disorders. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haug, J. O. (1962) Pneumoencephalographic studies in mental disease. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplement, 38, 165.Google ScholarPubMed
Haug, J. O. (1963) Pneumoencephalographic Studies in Mental Disease. Oslo: Universitetsferloget.Google Scholar
Hill, D. (1976) Cerebral atrophy and cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia. Lancet, ii, 1132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingvar, D. H. (1982) Mental illness and regional brain metabolism. Trends in Neurosciences, 5(6), 100203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingvar, D. H. & Franzen, G. (1974) Abnormalities of cerebral blood flow distribution in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 50, 425426.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobi, W. & Winkler, H. (1927) Encephalographische Studien an chronisch Schizophrenen. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 81, 299332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobi, W. & Winkler, H. (1928) Encephalographische Studien an Schizophrenen. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 84, 208226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jelunek, E. H. (1976) Cerebral atrophy and cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia. Lancet, ii, 12021203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnstone, E. C., Crow, T. J., Frith, C. D., Stevens, M., kreel, L. & Husband, J. (1978) The dementia of dementia praecox. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 57, 305324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kiev, A., Chapman, L. F., Guthrie, T. C. & Wolff, H. G. (1962) The highest integrative functions and diffuse cerebral atrophy. Neurology (Minneapolis), 12, 385393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kingsley, D. & Trimble, M. (1978) Cerebral ventricular size in chronic schizophrenia. Lancet, i, 278279.Google Scholar
Lemke, R. (1935) Untersuchungen Uber die soziale Prognose der Schizophrenie unter besonderer Berucksichtigund des encephalo-graphischen Befundes. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 104, 89136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lönnum, A. (1966) The Clinical Significance of Central Cerebral Ventricular Enlargement. Oslo: Universtetsforlaget.Google Scholar
Marsden, C. D. (1976) Cerebral atrophy and cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia. Lancet, ii, 1079.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathew, R. J., Duncan, G. C., Weinman, M. L. & Barr, D. L. (1982) Regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 11211124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matthews, C. G. & Booker, H. E. (1972) Pneumoencephalographic measurements and neuropsychological test performance in human adults. Cortex, 8, 6992.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, M., Nathan, D., Elliott, A. R. & Laubach, C. (1933) Encephalographic studies in schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox). American Journal of Psychiatry, 89, 801810.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, M., & Laubach, C. (1935) Encephalographic studies in mental disease. American Journal of Pyschialry, 92, 4367.Google Scholar
Owens, D. G. C., Johnstone, E. C., Bydder, G. M. & Kreel, L. (1980) Unsuspected organic brain disease in chronic schizophrenia demonstrated by computed tomography. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 43, 10651069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peltonen, L. (1966) Pneumoencephalographic studies on the third ventricle of 644 neuropsychiatric patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 38, 1534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reitan, R. M. (1959) Principles Used in Evaluating Brain Functions with Psychological Tests at the Neuropsychology Laboratory, Indiana University Medical Centre.Google Scholar
Reveley, A. M., Reveley, M. A., Clifford, C. A. & MURRAY, R. M. (1982) Cerebral ventricular size in twins discordant for schizophrenia. The Lancet, 5, 540541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reveley, A. M., Reveley, M. A., & Murray, R. M. (1984) Cerebral ventricular enlargement in non-genetic schizophrenia: a controlled twin study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 8993.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reynolds, G. P. (1983) Increased concentrations and lateral asymmetry of amygdala dopamine in schizophrenia. Nature, 305, 527529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rieder, R. D., Donnelly, E. F., Herdt, J. R. & Waldman, I. N. (1979) Sulcal prominence in young chronic schizophrenic patients: C. T. scan findings associated with impairment on neuropsychological tests. Psychiatry Research, 1, 18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sjaastad, O. & Lönnum, A. (1966) Long term prognosis of patients with central cerebral ventricular enlargement. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 42, 317353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Storey, P. B. (1966) Lumbar air encephalography in chronic schizophrenia: a controlled experiment. British Journal of Psychiatry, 112, 135144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tanaka, Y., Hazama, H., Kawahara, R. & Kobayashi, K. (1981) Computerised tomography of the brain in schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 63, 191197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Boxel, P., Bridges, P. K., Bartlett, J. R. & Trauer, T. (1978) Size of cerebral ventricles in 66 psychiatric patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 500506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinberger, D. R., Torrey, E. F., Neophytides, A. N. & Wyatt, R. J. (1979) Lateral cerebral ventricular enlargement in chronic schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 735739.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinberger, D. R., Cannon-Spoor, E., Potkin, S. G. & Wyatt, R. J. (1980) Poor premorbid adjustment and C. T. scan abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 14101413.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.