Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T01:15:09.363Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

As the Years Go Rolling By

Drinking Problems in the Time Dimension

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Griffith Edwards*
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Unit, 101 Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF

Extract

Research which tries to understand human experience within the time dimension is entering difficult and uncomfortable territory. Long before the first prospecting research worker arrived on this scene with his questionnaires and statistical methods, creative writers had been exploring the same terrain. Take poetry, for instance. When poets write about the passage of time the visions which they conjure seem nearly always to carry menace. An image offered by Yeats exactly captures the sense of helplessness and haplessness which we may all sometimes experience under the pressure of passing time:

The years like great black oxen tread the world.

And God the herdsman goads them on behind.

And I am broken by their passing feet.

Type
Lecture
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baltes, P. B., Reese, H. W. & Lipsitt, L. P. (1980) Life-span developmental psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 65100.Google Scholar
Crumbaugh, J. (1968) Cross-validation of purpose-in-life test based on Frankl's concepts. Journal of Individual Psychology, 24, 7481.Google Scholar
Davies, D. L. (1962) Normal drinking in recovered alcoholics. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 23, 94104.Google Scholar
Duckitt, A., Brown, D., Edwards, G., Oppenheimer, E., Sheehan, M. & Taylor, C. (1985) Alcoholism and the nature of outcome. British Journal of Addiction, 80, 171183.Google Scholar
Edwards, G. (1986) The alcohol dependence syndrome: a concept as stimulus to enquiry. British Journal of Addiction, 81, 171183.Google Scholar
Edwards, G. & Gross, M. M. (1976) Alcohol dependence: provisional description of a clinical syndrome. British Medical Journal, i, 10581061.Google Scholar
Edwards, G., Orford, J., Egert, S., Guthrie, S., Hawker, A., Hensman, C., Mitcheson, M., Oppenheimer, E. & Taylor, C. (1977) Alcoholism: a controlled trial of ‘Treatment’ and ‘Advice’. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 38, 10041031.Google Scholar
Edwards, G., Duckitt, A., Oppenheimer, E., Sheehan, M. & Taylor, C. (1983) What happens to alcoholics? The Lancet, ii, 269271.Google Scholar
Edwards, G., Brown, D., Duckitt, A., Oppenheimer, E., Sheehan, M. & Taylor, C. (1986) Normal drinking in a recovered alcohol addict. British Journal of Addiction, 81, 127138.Google Scholar
Edwards, G., Brown, D., Duckitt, A., Oppenheimer, E., Sheehan, M. & Taylor, C. (1987) Outcome of alcoholism: the structure of patient attributions as to what causes change. British Journal of Addiction, 82, 533545.Google Scholar
Edwards, G., Brown, D., Oppenheimer, E., Sheehan, M., Taylor, C. & Duckitt, A. (1988) Long-term outcome for patients with drinking problems: the search for predictors. British Journal of Addiction, 83, (in press).Google Scholar
Emrick, C. D. (1975) A review of psychologically oriented treatment of alcoholism – II. The relative effectiveness of different treatment approaches and the effectiveness of treatment versus no treatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 36, 88108.Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. H. & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1964) Manual of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. London: Hodder & Stoughton.Google Scholar
Fillmore, K. M. (1975) Relationships between specific drinking problems in early childhood and middle-age: an exploratory 20 year followup study. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 36, 882907.Google Scholar
Fillmore, K. M. (1986) Review of Longitudinal Drinking Studies (mimeograph). Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Fisher, H. A. L. quoted by Nisbet, R. (1969) Social Change and History. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Honzik, M. P. (1984) Life-span development. Annual Review of Psychology, 35, 309311.Google Scholar
Howe, N. J. A. (1982) Biographical evidence and the development of outstanding individuals. American Psychologist, 37, 10711078.Google Scholar
Jessor, R. & Jessor, S. L. (1977) Problem Behaviour and Psychosocial Development: A Longitudinal Study of Youth. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Kagan, J. (1980) Perspectives on continuity. In Constancy and Change in Human Development (eds Brim, O. G. & Kagan, J.). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lidz, T. (1976) The Person: His and Her Development Throughout the Life Cycle. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Lowry, M. (1947) (republished 1967) Under the Volcano. London: Jonathan Cape.Google Scholar
McCord, W. & McCord, (1960) Origins of Alcoholism. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Mednick, S. A. & Baert, A. E., (eds) (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research: An Empirical Basis for the Prevention of Psychosocial Disorders. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Miller, W. R. & Hester, R. K. (1986) The effectiveness of alcoholism treatment: what research reveals. In Treating Addictive Behaviours: Processes of Change (eds Miller, W. E. & Heather, N.). New York: Plenum.Google Scholar
Orford, J., Oppenheimer, E. & Edwards, G. (1976) Abstinence or control: the outcome for excessive drinkers two years after consultation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 14, 409418.Google Scholar
Orford, J. & Edwards, G. (1977) Alcoholism (Maudsley Monograph No. 26). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Stockwell, T., Hodgson, R., Edwards, G., Taylor, C. & Rankin, H. (1979) The development of a questionnaire to measure severity of alcohol dependence. British Journal of Addiction, 74, 7987.Google Scholar
Swift, G. (1983) Waterland. London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Taylor, C., Brown, D., Duckitt, A., Edwards, G., Oppenheimer, E. & Sheehan, M. (1986a) Alcoholism and the patterning of outcome: a multivariate analysis. British Journal of Addiction, 81, 815823.Google Scholar
Taylor, C., Brown, D., Duckitt, A., Edwards, G., Oppenheimer, E. & Sheehan, M. (1986b) Careers of alcoholics: a multidimensional description of a ten-year followup. In Relapse and Recovery in Drug Abuse (eds Tims, F. M. & Leukfeld, C.) (Research Monograph 72). Rockville: NIDA.Google Scholar
Vaillant, G. E. (1977) Adaptation to Life. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Vaillant, G. E. (1983) The Natural History of Alcoholism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.