Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-ph5wq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T14:16:37.416Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Comment on the WHO Consensus Statement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

T. R. E. Barnes*
Affiliation:
Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Article Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1990 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adler, L. A., Angrist, B., Reiter, S., et al (1989) Neuroleptic-induced akathisia: a review. Psychopharmacology, 97, 111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braude, W. M., Barnes, T. R. E. & Gore, S. M. (1983) Clinical characteristics of akathisia: a systematic investigation of acute psychiatric inpatient admissions. British Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 139150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caroli, F., Littre-Poirrier, M.-F., Ginestet, D., et al (1975) Essai d'interruption des antiparkinsoniens dans les traitments neuroleptiques au long cours. L'Encéphale, 1, 6974.Google Scholar
Crane, G. E. (1972) Pseudoparkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia. Archives of Neurology, 27, 426430.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crawshaw, J. A. & Mullen, P. E. (1984) A study of benzhexol abuse. British Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 300303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chouinard, G., De Montigny, C. & Annable, L. (1979) Tardive dyskinesia and antiparkinsonian medication. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 228229.Google ScholarPubMed
Dimascio, A. & Demirgian, E. (1970) Antiparkinson drug overuse. Psychosomatics, 11, 596601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisch, R. Z. (1987) Trihexyphenidyl abuse: therapeutic implications for negative symptoms of schizophrenia? Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 75, 9194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gardos, G. & Cole, J. O. (1983) Tardive dyskinesia and anticholinergic drugs. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 200202.Google ScholarPubMed
Greil, W., Haag, H., Rossnagl, G., et al (1984) Effect of anticholinergics on tardive dyskinesia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 304310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, D. A. W. (1977) Practical considerations in the use of depot neuroleptics for the treatment of schizophrenia. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 17, 546559.Google ScholarPubMed
Johnson, D. A. W. (1981) A double-blind trial of orphenadrine against placebo. British Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 9697.Google Scholar
Kane, J. M. & Smith, J. M. (1982) Tardive dyskinesia: prevalence and risk factors 1959–1979. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 473481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kane, J. M., Woerner, M. & Weinhold, P. (1984) Incidence of tardive dyskinesia: five-year data from a prospective study. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 20, 3940.Google ScholarPubMed
Keepers, G. A., Clappison, V. J. & Casey, D. E. (1983) Initial anticholinergic prophylaxis for neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal syndromes. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 11131117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klawans, H. L. & Rubovits, R. (1974) Effect of cholinergic and anticholinergic agents on tardive dyskinesia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 27, 941.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klett, C. J., Point, P. & Caffey, E. (1972) Evaluating the long-term need for antiparkinson drugs by chronic schizophrenics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 26, 375379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macvicar, K. (1977) Abuse of antiparkinson drugs by psychiatric patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 809811.Google ScholarPubMed
Manos, N., Gkiouzepas, J. & Logothetis, J. (1981) The need for continuous use of antiparkinsonian medication with chronic schizophrenic patients receiving long-term neuroleptic therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 184188.Google ScholarPubMed
McClelland, H. A., Blessed, G., Bhate, S., et al (1974) The abrupt withdrawal of antiparkinsonian drugs in schizophrenic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 124, 151159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morpurgo, D. (1965) Antiparkinson drugs and neuroleptics. Progress in Brain Research, 16, 121134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marriott, P. (1976) Dependence on antiparkinsonian drugs. British Medical Journal, i, 152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orlov, P., Kasparian, G., Dimascio, A., et al (1971) Withdrawal of antiparkinson drugs. Archives of General Psychiatry, 25, 410412.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perenyi, A., Gardos, G., Samu, I., et al (1983) Changes in extrapyramidal symptoms following anticholinergic drug withdrawal. Clinical Neuropharmacology, 6, 5561.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pullen, G. P., Best, N. R. & MacGuire, J. (1984) Anticholinergic drug abuse: a common problem? British Medical Journal, 289, 612613.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rifkin, A., Quitkin, F., Kane, J. M., et al (1978) Are prophylactic antiparkinson drugs necessary? Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 483489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siris, S. G., Kane, J. M., Frechen, K., et al (1988) Histories of substance abuse in patients with post psychotic depressions. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 29, 550557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, J. M. (1980) Abuse of the antiparkinson drugs: a review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 41, 351354.Google ScholarPubMed
Sramek, J. J., Simpson, G. M., Morrison, R. L., et al (1986) Anticholinergic agents for prophylaxis of neuroleptic-induced dystonic reactions: a prospective study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 47, 305309.Google ScholarPubMed
Winslow, S., Stillner, V., Coons, D. J., et al (1986) Prevention of acute dystonic reactions in patients beginning high-potency neuroleptics. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 706710.Google ScholarPubMed
Yassa, R. (1988) Tardive dyskinesia and anticholinergic drugs. L'Encéphale, 14, 233239.Google ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.