Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-17T13:35:57.613Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Validity of the Schizophrenia Diagnosis of the Psychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adults with Developmental Disability (PAS–ADD)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Steve Moss ,
Helen Prosser  and
David Goldberg
Steve Moss*
Affiliation:
Helen Prosser, MPhil, Hester Adrian Research Centre, Manchester
Helen Prosser
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF
David Goldberg
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF
*
Dr S. Moss, Hester Adrian Research Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

First rank symptoms are central to the diagnosis of schizophrenia, but their complexity makes it difficult to validly detect them in people with learning disability. This report investigates ability of PAS–ADD to detect schizophrenia, validated against expert clinical opinion.

Method

The sample consisted of 98 patients with learning disability, and a key informant for each sample member. Clinical opinions of the referring psychiatrists were sought using a symptom checklist. Reportage of remission, and the number of core schizophrenia symptoms identified, were used to estimate level of symptom activity at time of interview.

Results

The proportion of schizophrenia cases detected by PAS–ADD increases with the number of active core symptoms identified by the referrer. Where two or more core symptoms were indicated, PAS–ADD detected 71 % cases. The most frequently fulfilled criterion was third-person auditory hallucinations. Six schizophrenia diagnoses disagreed with the clinician, four of which were referred as being hypomania. Overall symptom frequency detected by PAS–ADD was positively correlated with IQ.

Conclusions

Results suggest there may be scope for modifying the ICD–10 diagnostic algorithm for use with learning disability, particularly in relation to the delusions and negative symptoms criteria.

Type
Research Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 168 , Issue 3 , March 1996 , pp. 359 - 367
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bland, R. C., Newman, S. C. & Orn, H. (1988) Epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, (Suppl. 338), 77.Google Scholar
Day, K. & Jancar, J. (1994) Mental and physical health and ageing in mental handicap: a review. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 38, 241–256.Google Scholar
Lund, J. (1985) The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in mentally retarded adults. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 72, 563–570.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moss, S. C. & Hogg, J. (1992) A factorial and hierarchical cluster analysis of the Adaptive Behavior Scales (Part I & II) in a population of older people (50+ years) with mental retardation. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 16, 381–392.Google Scholar
Moss, S. C., Hogg, J. & Horne, M. (1992) Demographic characteristics of a population of people with moderate, severe and profound intellectual disability (mental handicap) over 50 years of age: age structure, IQ and adaptive skills. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 36, 387–401.Google Scholar
Moss, S. C., Patel, P., Prosser, H., et al (1993) Psychiatric morbidity in older people with moderate and severe learning disability (mental retardation). Part I: Development and reliability of the patient interview (the PAS–ADD). British Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 471–480.Google Scholar
Nihira, K., Foster, R., Shellhaas, M., et al (1974) AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale, 1974 revision. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Deficiency.Google Scholar
Patel, P., Goldberg, D. P. & Moss, S. C. (1993) Psychiatric morbidity in older people with moderate and severe learning disability (mental retardation). Part II: The prevalence study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 481–491.Google Scholar
Radhakrishnan, J., Mathew, K., Richard, J., et al (1983) Schneider's first rank symptoms Prevalence, diagnostic use and prognostic implications. British Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 557–559.Google Scholar
Rutter, M., Lord, C. & Lecouteur, A. (1991) Autism Diagnostic Interview–R. London: Institute of Psychiatry.Google Scholar
Sturmey, P. (1993) The use of DSM and ICD diagnostic criteria in people with mental retardation. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181, 38–41.Google Scholar
Teggin, A. F., Elk, R., Ben-Aire, O., et al (1985) A comparison of CATEGO class ‘S’ schizophrenia in three ethnic groups: psychiatric manifestations. British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 683–687.Google Scholar
Wing, J., Nixon, J., Von-Cranach, M., et al (1977) Further developments of the ‘present state examination’ and CATEGO system. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheit, 224, 151–160.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1993) The Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (ICD–10): Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1994) Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry, Version 2. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.