Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-94d59 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T17:36:52.724Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Pathogenesis of Anaërobic Microbic Infections in the Major and Minor Psychoses, with Control Cases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 February 2018

W. M. Ford-Robertson*
Affiliation:
St. Andrew's Hospital, Northampton

Extract

The subject of this thesis is the outcome of what might be termed a hereditary interest in the complex problem of the relationship of chronic infections to the psychoses and allied mental disorders. Circumstances enabled me, while still a student, to undertake very humbly the continuation of my father's researches in the Scottish Asylums' Laboratory at a point where his illness and death might have proved the closing of a long and arduous chapter. That this would have been so is, as far as I know, borne out by the fact that up to the present no work directly bearing on his later bacteriological studies has been published. The researches I have undertaken during the past six years have been an attempt to elucidate more clearly what exactly are the bacteriological factors at work, and, further, in what manner they attack the economy generally, and with what result. In my endeavour to verify and extend Ford-Robertson's views I have been singularly fortunate.

Type
Part I.—Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1932 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 D'Abundo, , La Psichiatria, 1889.Google Scholar
2 Piccinino, , Atti dell' Academia Medico-Chirurgica di Napoli, 1894.Google Scholar
3 Idem , Annali di Neurologia, 1896, f. 12.Google Scholar
4 Grimali, , Il Manicomio, 1896, n. 2-3.Google Scholar
5 Montesano, and Montessori, , Riv. di Psicol., Psichiat., Neuropatologia, etc., 1897, i, f. 15.Google Scholar
6 Robertson, Ford and Bruce, Lewis, Brit. Med. Journ., June 29, 1901.Google Scholar
7 Watson, Chalmers, ibid., June 1, 1901.Google Scholar
8 Ford-Robertson, , McRae, and Jeffrey, , “Bacteriological Investigations into the Pathology of General Paralysis,” Rev. Neur. and Psychiat., May, 1903.Google Scholar
9 Robertson, Ford, “Histological Evidence of the Presence of an Organism Resembling the Klebs-Loeffler Bacillus in Cases of General Paralysis of the Insane,” ibid., July, 1903.Google Scholar
10 Idem , ibid., April, 1903.Google Scholar
11 Idem , “The Pathology of General Paralysis of the Insane,” Brit. Med. Journ., October 24, 1903.Google Scholar
12 Robertson, Ford and McRae, , “On the Presence of Diphtheroid Bacilli in the Genito-Urinary Tract in Cases of General Paralysis and Tabes Dorsalis,” Rev. Neur. and Psychiat., May, 1905.Google Scholar
13 Ford-Robertson, , “The Pathology of General Paralysis of the Insane,” Morrison Lecture for 1906, ibid., February, March, April, 1906.Google Scholar
14 Robertson, Ford and McRae, , “Further Bacteriological and Experimental Investigations into the Pathology of General Paralysis and Tabes Dorsalis,” ibid., June, 1907.Google Scholar
15 Ford-Robertson, , “The Experimental Production of Paralysis,” Journ. Ment. Sci., October, 1909.Google Scholar
16 Idem. , “The Ætiology of Dementia Paralytica,” Lancet, September 28, 1912.Google Scholar
17 Idem , “The Infective Foci in General Paralysis and Tabes Dorsalis,” Journ. Ment. Sci., October, 1910.Google Scholar
18 Robertson, Ford and McRae, , “The Treatment of General Paralysis and Tabes Dorsalis by Vaccines and Anti-Sera,” ibid., October, 1907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19 Ford-Robertson, and Brown, Dods, “The Bacteriology of the Cerebro-spinal Fluid in General Paralysis of the Insane,” Rev. Neur. and Psychiat., January, 1909.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20 O'Brian, , Amer. Journ. Insanity, July, 1908.Google Scholar
21 White, Barton, “Micro-organisms in Urine in General Paralysis and Controls, and the Influence of Hexamine on Same,” Journ. Ment. Sci., October, 1913.Google Scholar
22 Baird, Harvey, “Urethritis in General Paralysis, with Remarks on the Exhibition of Hexamine,” ibid., January, 1913.Google Scholar
23 Cotton, Henry A., “The R⊚le of Focal Infection in the Psychoses,” New York Med. Journ., March 8 and 15, 1919; “The Relation of Oral Infection to Mental Disease,” Journ. Dent. Rex., 1919, i, No. 3; “The Relation of Focal Infection to Mental Disease,” New York Med. Journ., April 17, 24, and May 1, 1920; The Defective Delinquent and Insane, Princeton University Press, 1921; “The Etiology and Treatment of the So-called Functional Psychosis: Summary of Results Based upon the Experience of Four Years,” Amer. Journ. of Psychiat., October, 1922, ii, No. 2; “The Relation of Chronic Sepsis to the So-called Functional Mental Disorders,” Journ. Ment. Sci., October, 1923; Henry A. Cotton and John W. Draper, “What is being Done for the Insane by Means of Surgeons,” Trans. Sect. on Gastro-enterology and Proctology of Amer. Med. Assoc, 1920; Cotton, Draper and Lynch, “Intestinal Pathology in the Functional Psychosis,” Med. Record, May 1, 1920; Cotton and Satterlee, “Fractional Gastric Analysis,” ibid. Google Scholar
24 Robertson, Ford, “The Infective Factors in Some Types of Neurasthenia,” Journ. Ment. Sci., January, 1919.Google Scholar
25 Idem , Therapeutic Immunisation in Asylum and General Practice, E. & S. Livingstone, 1921.Google Scholar
26 Idem , “Chronic Bacterial Infection in Cases of Dementia Præcox,” Journ. Ment. Sci., January, 1922.Google Scholar
27 Hunter, William, Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 1922, xv; “Chronic Sepsis as a Cause for Mental Disorder,” Journ. Ment. Sci., October, 1927, p. 549 Google Scholar
28 Watson, Chalmers, “The R⊚le of Auto-intoxication or Auto-infection in Mental Disorders,” ibid., January, 1923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29 Goodall, E., “Considerations, Bacteriological, Toxicological, Hæmatological, and others thereto akin, bearing upon the Psychoses,” ibid., October, 1923.Google Scholar
30 Idem , Croonian Lecture, 1914.Google Scholar
31 Meyer, , Neurologisches Centralblatt, No. 3, 1908.Google Scholar
32 Cuneo, , Rivista Sperimentale di Freniatria, 1922, pts. 3 and 4, xlv.Google Scholar
33 Loewe, , Zeitschr. f. d. Ges. Neur. u. Psychiat., Originale, vii, Heft 1, 1911.Google Scholar
34 Graves, , “The Relation of Chronic Sepsis to So-called Functional Mental Disorder,” Journ. Ment. Sci., October, 1923.Google Scholar
35 Watson, W. and Pickworth, , “Nasal and Focal Sepsis in the Etiology of Gastro-intestinal and Pulmonary Infective Diseases,” Brit. Med. Journ., June 2, 1928.Google Scholar
36 Pickworth, , “Perforation of the Pituitary Fossa by a Septic Lesion of the Sphenoidal Sinus Associated with Recent Epilepsy and Insanity,” Journ. Laryngol. and Otol., March, 1928; “A Case of Diplococcal Infection of the Sphenoidal Sinus with Associated Hæmorrhages in the Stomach,” Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., May 1928; “Variation in Agglutination Formation in Mental Hospital Patients and its Probable Relation to Focal Sepsis,” Journ. Ment. Sci., October, 1928; “Confusional Insanity with Empyema of the Sphenoidal Sinus,” Brit. Med. Journ., 1929; “A Case of Manic Melancholia with Caries of the Sphenoid,” Journ. Laryngol. and Otol., 1929.Google Scholar
37 Graves, , “Chronic Sepsis and Mental Disorder,” Journ. Ment. Sci., October, 1927, p. 563; “The Relation of Unresolved Infective Processes Following Infective Disease to the Causation of Mental Disorder,” ibid., January, 1929; Graves and Pickworth, “Sinusitis in the Etiology of Mental Disorder” Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 1928, xxi, p. 45.Google Scholar
38 Goodall, E., Lecture, Maudsley: “Dealing with Some of the Work Done to Elucidate the Pathology of Disease Falling to be Considered under the Rubric ‘Insanity,’Journ. Ment. Sci., July, 1927.Google Scholar
39 Stanford, and Goodall, , Brit. Journ. Radiology, February, 1924, xxix, No. 283.Google Scholar
40 Hendry, , Amer. Journ. Psychiat., 1924, iii, pp. 681695.Google Scholar
41 Mazzanti, , Riv. di Pat. Nerv. e Ment., May 15, 1926, xxxi, fasc. 2.Google Scholar
42 Stewart, F. H., “Bacterial Change in Mental Disorder, Coliform Group,” Journ. Ment. Sci., January, 1928, p. 59; “Bacterial Change in Mental Disorder: Preliminary Note on Morgan's Bacillus,” ibid., April, 1928, p. 269; “Bacterial Change in Mental Disorder: The Digestion of Tyrosine,” ibid., July, 1928, p. 416; “Bacterial Digestion of Tyrosine, Tryptophane and Histidine in Mental Disease,” ibid., January, 1929, p. 53.Google Scholar
43 Ford-Robertson, W. M., “Gastro-intestinal Focal Infection in Relation to Oral Sepsis, with Special Reference to Anaenrobes,” Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., August, 1929.Google Scholar
44 Idem , “Some Cases of Mental Disorder: A Patho-clinical Study,” Journ. Ment. Sci., October, 1929.Google Scholar
44 Westbrook, F. F., Wilson, L. B., McDanial, O., and Adair, J. R. (April 16, 1898), “A Preliminary Communication on Bacillus Diphtheriæ and its Variants in a School in which Diphtheria was Endemic,” Brit. Med. Journ., i, p. 1008.Google Scholar
45 Graham-Smith, and Nuttall, , The Bacteriology of Diphtheria, Cambridge University Press, 1913, pp. 128131.Google Scholar
46 Idem , ibid., p. 136, pl. x.Google Scholar
47 A System of Bacteriology, 1930, No. 5, Medical Research Council, p. 72.Google Scholar
48 Bulleid, , “An Experimental Study of Leptothrix Buccalis,” Brit. Dent. Journ., March 16, 1925, xlvi, No. 6, pp. 289300.Google Scholar
49 Miller, , Wherry, and Oliver, , Journ. of Infect. Dis., 1916, No. 19, p. 299.Google Scholar
50 Hewlett, and Bulloch, , A System of Bacteriology, 1930, No. 5, Medical Research Council, p. 138.Google Scholar
51 Barratt, M. M., Journ. Hyg.Camb., 1924, pp. 23 and 241.Google Scholar
52 O'Kell, C. C., and Baxter, E. M., Journ. Path. and Bact., 1924, pp. 27 and 439 Google Scholar
53 Wilson, Stacey T. M.D., Tonic Hardening of the Colon, Oxford Medical Publications, Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
54 Trotter, L., “The Insulation of the Nervous System,” Brit. Med. Journ., July 17, 1926, p. 103.Google Scholar
55 Walter, , Zeitschr. f. Neur. u. Psychiat., 1925, xcv, p. 522; xcvii, p. 192; xcix, p. 548; Monats. f. Psychiat., 1926, x, p. 283; Deutsch. Zeitschr. f. Nervenheilk., 1926, xc, p. 161; xciii, p. 1.Google Scholar
56 Strecher, H. A., “Permeability of the Brain Membranes,” Journ. Ment. Sci., January, 1928.Google Scholar
57 Leathes, and Raper, , The Fats, 1925.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.